● 中文摘要：

　　一、研究緣起 修復式正義（又稱社區性司法或整合性司法）的發展與被害者學及被害者人權運動的興起、對傳統應報刑事司法的批判等均息息相關，在許多國家，警察機關在推行修復式正義的角色已漸轉變為主動與積極，其理由為－修復式正義與社區警政以及問題導向警政的核心思想不僅相容，且能相輔相成。我國的警察機關在推行社區警政的過程當中，常苦於如何建立具體可行途徑、執勤方式以及程序的困難，而修復式正義在美國、加拿大、紐西蘭、澳洲、日本等國的發展已有多年歷史，故可做為我國在發展整合型警政的借鏡。 二、研究方法及過程 本研究主要的目的在探討修復式正義在我國警察機關可行的實踐途徑，故以蒐集美國、加拿大、紐西蘭、澳洲、日本等國以警察為主導的修復式正義作為，輔以對我國警察機關人員的訪談，經過分析、比較與討論，試圖提出適合我國國情制度的推行建議。 三、重要發現 在比較文獻部分，本研究發現目前有許多國家的警察在修復式正義當中都扮演相當多元且重要的角色，包括協助與主導其進行。而修復式正義的作為可發揮的成效包括避免對微罪者的標籤效應、減少再犯率、減輕刑事司法中後段機關的負擔、提升犯罪者與被害者的滿意度、保護被害人、增進警察機關與社區的互動以及增強社區犯罪預防能力等。但其執行上可能的困境有：缺乏統一的實施對象、範圍及程序；與其他司法體系機關的協調聯繫之建立；缺乏人力與訓練；缺乏經費；缺乏成效評估；以及缺乏刑罰威嚇以及社會正義之間的平衡等。在訪談我國警察人員部分，本研究發現我國警察人員目前在民眾調解過程中仍扮演部分角色，惟警察積極參與的意願不高，原因為：缺乏法源或規範依據、警察不介入民事的工作規範、現行績效制度未提供誘因、缺乏訓練與資源以及考量可能影響警民關係以及中立形象等。然訪談結果亦指出，若在計畫時考量不同形式修復式正義途徑實施的可行性、提高警察的參與意願、慎選可能適用的犯罪類型與對象以及配合相關措施的推動以防範執行落差時，仍能對於整體刑事案件減量、民眾滿意度的提高以及問題導向或社區警政的推行有正面的效果。 四、主要建議事項 根據研究發現，提出立即可行之建議與長期建議。建議在警察現行的協助角色當中可發揮的是：加強警察機關對被害人的協助與重視、加強警察機關與鄉鎮市調解委員會的聯繫以及在警察教育當中融入修復式正義理念與相關訓練。未來努力的方向除從事各項研究以推廣現今警察與鄉鎮市調解委員會合作的成功經驗、辦理參與調解人員專業訓練並發給證照等；亦建議推動警察在處理特定犯行（非告訴乃論當中屬過失與輕微案件）時主導修復式正義的進行，修改刑事訴訟法明文賦予司法警察機關微罪處分權並建立一套明確清晰的處理規範。本研究期望透過警察作為中融入修復式正義的精神，能提高被害人滿意度、減少加害人再犯以及協助加害人復歸社會以及重拾社區的安寧秩序。在不妨害現今已上軌道的民主法治制度下，提供民眾進入法院以外的衝突解決方式，並納入志工的協助以兼顧社區警政以及社區犯罪預防的目的。 

● English Abstract:

     The development of restorative justice (community justice, integrated justice) is very much influenced by the increasing emphasis on victimology, the rights of victim, and increasing criticism and questioning of the traditional criminal justice system. In many countries, the role of the police in restorative justice has gone from a reactive to a more proactive and positive role. It has been argued that the idea of restorative justice fits well with the core thinking of community policing and problem-oriented policing and, in turn, complement and supplement each other. In the past two decades, the police in Taiwan have been looking for a more realistic approach on integrating the idea of ??community policing?? into daily practice and procedure but without satisfactory success. However, the practice in the U.S., Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan might have important lessons for the police in Taiwan toward a more integrated policing. This current research examines possible ways of implementing restorative justice plans in the police in Taiwan. Therefore, we gathered documentation on current practice on restorative justice from countries such as the U.S., Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan. It is then supplemented by interviews with police chiefs and front line police officers in order to find out the current police practices on mediation cases. We then analyze, compare, and discuss the findings from two sets of data and develop some recommendations for the police in Taiwan. From our review of the literature from five countries, we found that the police in fact play a multiple role in restorative justce practice, sometimes acting as a lead agency and sometimes supplementing the work of others. These measures have helped to prevent the ??labelling effect?? of lenient offenders, reduce reconviction rate, reduce caseload for criminal justice systems, improve the service to both offenders and victims, protect victims, enhance the interaction between the police and community, and upgrade the self defense ability of communities. However, previous experience also showed that some obstacles might have hindered the expected benefit from restorative justice practices. Namely, the absence of: standard targets, types of offences, and procedure, links with other criminal justice organizations, well organized training and resources, evaluation research, and a balance between the aim of deterrance and social justice. The interview data shows that the police in Taiwan adopt a rather unfocused role in mediation cases, participate to a varying degree, and with some reluctance towards greater involvement. The reasons mentioned are: the absence of legislation, the work principle which discourages police involvment in civil affairs, the lack of motivation under current performance indicators, the lack of expertise due to limited training and resources and the fear of being accused of ??taking sides?? or remaining impartial. In spite of this, some of the interviewees also point out that given a clearer goal, increased motivation, and well-selected catogories and targets, together with appropriate measures to deal with implementation problems, they are optimistic that restorative justice practice in the police has the real potential to help reduce criminal caseload, raise public satisfaction and improve the policy and practice of community policing. This research presents both immediate measures for action and longer term recommendations. In terms of immediate measures, it is suggested that the police might develop their current role by: raising the status of victims in the police organizations, building up coordination and cooperation between the police and local mediation committees, and integrating the philosophy of restorative justice 

● 文章連結：

https://goo.gl/phqbgN

● 資料來源：

政府研究資訊系統