企業被害影響因素及犯罪預防對策之實證研究-司法保護與刑事政策研究資料庫

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企業被害影響因素及犯罪預防對策之實證研究

發布日期： 111-07-27
最後更新日期：111-07-27
資料點閱次數：424

● 主管機關：行政院國家科學委員會

● 執行機構：中央警察大學行政管理系

● 研究期間：9308 ~ 9407

● 中文關鍵字：

犯罪防治; 犯罪學; 企業被害; 經濟犯罪; 刑事政策

● 英文關鍵字：

Crime Prevention and Correction; Criminology; business victimization; Economic Crime; Criminal Policy.

● 中文摘要：

過去半個世紀以來，台灣的經濟發展成就輝煌，被世人譽為「台灣經驗」。然而，值此同時，台灣地區的犯罪率卻明顯上升。官方資料顯示，近來犯罪模式隨社會變遷而有明顯變化，其中有許多犯罪事件是針對企業進行，造成所謂的犯罪被害企業。根據內政部警政署於民國九十一年所出版的警政白皮書顯示，近年來企業被害案件逐年增多，且案件類型多樣化，兼具暴力及財產性犯罪，例如擄人勒索、竊盜、恐嚇取財、侵佔、侵犯著作財產權、詐欺、毀損等。由於被害企業常擔憂企業形象因犯罪事件而受損，以致報案率不高，企業犯罪被害的實際數量及規模極可能超過官方資料所紀錄者。國外文獻亦顯示，企業被害案件數量龐大，企業被害風險甚高。英國的「商業被害調查」（Commercial Victimization Survey）發現，販售業賣場和製造業廠房遭竊的機率比一般家宅高六倍，是汽車被竊機率的四倍，其設備或物品遭破壞的機率是一般毀損犯罪的兩倍。相關文獻尚顯示，企業因犯罪被害而蒙受巨大損失，企業被害的損失遠高於家宅被害的損失。英國販售業協會（British Retail Consortium）的調查結果發現，販售業因犯罪所蒙受的損失高達21.49 億英鎊，相當於英國販售業獲利額的21%。企業被害案件的隱密性，不僅增加執法機關檢肅的困難，其所造成的嚴重損害，更嚴重戕害經濟發展、金融秩序及社會治安環境。因此，針對企業被害現象的瞭解與研究，實具急迫性與重要性。雖然，企業被害所衍生的治安及經濟等問題已成為政府當前極重要的施政議題，但國內針對企業與犯罪的學術研究至今仍甚為缺乏，以企業被害及企業預防犯罪為主題的系統性研究，更是付諸闕如。惟犯罪抗制政策的擬定應有所憑據，不可憑空捏造。本研究的重要意義，在於是國內第一個以系統性實證方法探討企業被害現象的研究，其具三項研究目的：找出企業被害影響因子、建立企業預防犯罪方案的基模、提昇刑事司法體系的效能。本研究除針對國內、外有關企業被害的文獻進行探討與分析外，研究擬分下列五部份進行。第一部份將前往警政署、刑事警察局及法務部調查局蒐集近十年來有關企業被害的案件資料，做為本研究的初步資料。第二部分蒐集法院有關企業被害案件判決有罪的判決書，進行內容分析。另針對最近三年報導於主要媒體的新聞（聯合報、自由時報及中國時報），剪輯有關企業被害的案件資料，歸納整理案情，選擇重要案件進行追蹤分析。第三部份針對熟悉處理企業被害案件的執法人員、被害企業安全業務主管以及監禁中的企業被害之犯罪人進行深入訪談，蒐集有關被害企業特徵、犯罪機會結構、犯罪人特徵等資料。第四部份擬抽選七百名企業內部負責安全業務的主管人員進行問卷調查，經由此途徑，有助於瞭解企業被害的影響因素、被害經驗、處理措施等問題。最後，綜合各種途徑所蒐集的資料，參考相關研究文獻，歸納出本研究的主要發現與結論。

● 英文摘要：

In the past decades, Taiwan has achieved a successful economic growth and earned a reputation as 「Taiwan Experience and Miracle」. In the meantime, however, the crime rate in Taiwan has increased significantly. According to the official data, crime mode has been changed in Taiwan recently. Crimes against business have expanded rapidly and become an important issue of social order and economic development. The official data reveals that crimes against business include kidnapping, theft, intimidation, embezzlement, illegal activities against intellectual property, fraud, damage of property, et al. Since the victimized business considers that crime will negatively influence its reputation, it seldom reports its victimization to police. Accordingly, the real volume of business victimization events unavoidably surpasses the data revealed by the police. On average, and where comparisons can be drawn, businesses have proved to face much higher crime risks than households. For example, the Commercial Victimization Survey showed that the chances of retail or manufacturing premises being burgled was six times higher than for a home; that there were four times as many thefts of vehicles; and that businesses were twice as likely to have their premises vandalized in some way. Besides, the cost of business victimization is so great that the social security environment and economic development have been influenced significantly. There is no doubt that the exploration and study on business victimization will be helpful for building a safe and prosperous society. Although the business victimization has become a crucial issue in crime control policy, however, the relevant phenomenon and crime prevention measures within businesses have never been systematically examined in Taiwan academics. This research is the first empirical study attempting to explore this phenomenon and relevant measures. The purpose of this research is to find the causal factors of business victimization and the suitable basics of crime prevention measures within business environments. The specific control policy against business victimization will also be detailed in this study. Data will be collected through following approaches: literature review and analysis, content analysis of business victimization cases collected from court and the press reports regarding business victimization in primary media, deep interview with law enforcement officers, offenders and victims, questionnaire survey, archival data analysis, and holding seminars. The final report will base on the data collected from the above approaches.

● 文章連結：

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=998515

● 資料來源：

GRB政府研究資訊系統