台灣地區青少年強姦犯、非暴力犯及一般青少年犯罪危險因子之比較
- 發布日期：
- 最後更新日期：111-07-28
- 資料點閱次數：427
● 主管機關：行政院國家科學委員會
● 執行機構：中正大學犯罪防治研究所
● 研究期間：8708 ~ 8807
● 中文關鍵字：
強姦犯；非暴力犯；危險因素；青少年犯罪；犯罪防治
● 英文關鍵字：
Sexual offender；Nonviolent offender；Risk factor；Adolescent crime；Crime prevention
● 中文摘要：
近年來,台灣地區少年犯罪問題日趨惡化,本研究針對其中較受大家矚目的少年強姦犯罪為對象,根據學者Santtiala與Haapasalo (1997)及Lewis等人(1981)之研究心得,以文獻呈現之高犯罪危險因子測試、比較其與非暴力犯及一般青少年出現之頻率與差異性,探求其成因,謀求妥適對策因應。 本研究於民國八十八年二至四月間從新竹少年監獄及桃園、彰化、高雄三所少年輔育院,依強姦犯、非暴力犯之類別,抽取各類犯罪少年合計191名,及依照台灣北中南東四區域各抽取一所國中或高中共145名男性學生進行施測,以比較犯罪危險因子,研究發現:少年強姦犯以十七歲以上未滿十八歲者、國中教育程度者居多,犯案的時間以晚上及深夜居多,地點以住宅或室內為多數,在案發前多數未有預謀,犯案的動機主要是好奇,被害者大多數為熟識者或親戚、十二歲以上未滿十八歲之女性;少年非暴力犯犯案的時間以晚上、深夜居多,地點以室外為主,動機主要是好奇,被害人大多數為陌生的男性。在生理特徵方面,少年強姦犯的體型以強壯型、瘦高型者居多,多數有紋身;少年非暴力犯的體型以強壯型居多,多數有紋身;一般青少年的體型以強壯型居多,很少有紋身的情形。在心理人格特性方面,三組少年罹患精神病者僅佔少數,少年強姦犯具有攻擊性、負面情緒、挫折忍受力低、憂鬱等特性,至於三組少年則在情緒基調方面有顯著差異。在家庭方面,有一半的少年強姦犯其父母有一方已死亡,將近三成表示家庭成員有犯罪前科,至於家庭成員有罹患精神疾病者則不多;約有四成的少年非暴力犯與父母親住在一起,超過三分之一表示家庭成員有犯罪前科,另有5名表示家庭成員有罹患精神疾病;一般青少年則有八成五與父母親住在一起,只有少數的少年表示家庭成員有酗酒、吸毒、犯罪前科或罹患精神疾病的情形。在學校生活狀況方面,少年強姦犯與非暴力犯比一般青少年較常有蹺課缺席及成績不及格的情形;在兒童期的生活特性方面,有部分的少年表示在孩童階段從不虐待小動物或自我傷害。在偏差行為方面,少年強姦犯的偏差行為以無照駕車、與人口角爭執、抽煙、觀賞暴力影片、逃學、飆車、深夜在外遊蕩為主,少年非暴力犯則偏向無照駕車、與人口角爭執、吃檳榔等。在社會相關因素方面,發現三組少年在差別接觸及定義上有顯著差異。在強姦迷思方面,發現少年強姦犯的強姦迷思比另兩組少年低,且三組有顯著差異存在。 綜合言之,本研究認為青少年強姦犯罪的發生具有複雜的背景因素,在防治措施方面,應從肅清社會病源、嚇阻、矯治及情境犯罪預防四大方向來著手,致力於消除不良之個人、家庭及社會環境等衍生犯罪因素,並加強青少年之休閒輔導、情緒控制及社交技巧等教育,以使青少年強姦犯罪減至最低。
● 英文摘要：
In recent years, juvenile delinquency has become more serious.. In response, the research employs Santtila and Haapasalo (1997) and Lewis (1981)'s research design, and attempts to compare groups of young sexual offenders, non-violent offenders and general adolescents across a set of empirically verified crime risk factors, so as to capture the underlying causes and searching for appropriate preventive measure. By dividing the total sample into three above different group, the study collects these three groups of self-reported data (n=336 total) from Hsieh-chu juvenile prison, three training schools and four high schools in Taiwan. The study finds that: young sexual offenders are mostly seventeen to eighteen years old, and junior high school graduates. Young sexual offenders generally commit crimes indoor on night or midnight. Curiosities are the major reasons for sexual offenses, and most of these sexual offenders don't have pre-mediations. Victims are mostly twelve to eighteen-year-old female acquaintances or relatives. The characteristics of these young sexual offenders are mesomorphic and ectomorphic body type with taboo. Juvenile nonviolent offenders' characteristics are mesomorphic body type with taboo. And general adolescents' characteristics are mesomorphic body type, but few with taboo. Few of these three groups have psychotics, and they don't have significant difference in the aggression, impulsive control and depression scales, but in the emotion scale. About fifty percent of young sexual offenders' fathers or mothers are dead, almost thirty percent of their family members have criminal records. Few of general adolescents indicate that their family members have drinking, drug abuse or criminal records compared to other groups. With few exceptions, these three groups' families are not psychotics. Young sexual offenders have more truant records and flunking than young nonviolent offenders and general adolescents. Young sexual offenders' major deviant behaviors are driving without licenses, quarreling with others, smoking, watching violent videos, truant, speeding and hanging around on midnight. And young nonviolent offenders prefer to driving without licenses, quarreling with others and chewing betel. These three groups have significant difference in the different association and definition scales. Finally, we find that young sexual offenders' rape myths are lower than other groups', and these three groups have significant difference in rape myth scale. In sum, the study concluded that there are complicated causes for young sexual offenses. For the prevention and control of such violent offenses, efforts should be made from the following four directions---root cause, deterrence, rehabilitative treatment and situational crime prevention approach, and to reduce individual, families and societal factors that precipitated criminal behaviors. Moreover, well-planned recreational programs, social skills and anger control training should be taught to the general adolescents, so as to prevent the rise of young sexual offenses.
● 文章連結：
https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=423174
● 資料來源：GRB政府研究資訊系統