● 中文摘要：

　　本研究為瞭解我國毒品施用者司法處遇之發展，以及不同司法處遇模式之效能，乃蒐集、彙整道德模式、疾病模式與整合模式之理論與立法例，並透過長達14年之定群追蹤資料，分析1,448名接受毒品司法處遇之樣本之個人特性、社會適應、犯罪與處遇經驗等與其再犯之關係，並找出影響再犯之危險因子與保護因子。其次追蹤毒品施用者接受不同毒品司法處遇模式後是否再犯、再犯類型與存活時距，藉以檢視不同處遇模式之效能。並控制毒品施用者之個人特性、早期犯罪與處遇經驗等因子後，分析樣本接受各類司法處遇後與再犯之關係，藉以檢視不同司法處遇對何種毒品施用者較為有效。 研究發現，毒品施用者反覆入出監獄、再犯率高。現行司法處遇仍可拯救部分毒品施用者免於再犯。毒品施用者再犯多為施用毒品罪或財產犯罪，且隨處遇次數增加，再犯類型越集中，存活時距越短。研究樣本之個人特性、社會適應、犯罪與毒品經驗與再犯關係顯著，毒品施用者核心人口，具有顯著特徵。就是否再犯而言，毒品施用者之性別、年齡、不良交友及戒毒經驗等4項因子對於是否再犯有顯著影響力。就是否再犯施用毒品罪而言，毒品施用者之性別、施用毒品類型與先前曾因施用毒品入監等3項因子對於是否再犯施用毒品罪有顯著影響力。就存活時距而言，毒品施用者之性別、年齡、不良交友及施用毒品類型對於接受毒品施用者司法處遇後之存活時距有顯著影響力。而在保護因子方面，年齡較長、有工作、較少不良友伴、施用成癮性較低之第二級毒品以及素行較佳等均為促使毒品施用者遠離毒害之保護因子。在毒品施用者司法處遇效能方面，就預防再犯而言，社區處遇優於觀察勒戒或強制戒治；觀察勒戒或強制戒治優於監禁或混合型態處遇；保安處分優於刑罰。就延長存活時距而言，觀察勒戒、強制戒治或社區處遇較監禁為優；保安處分較刑罰為優。控制樣本之個人特性、戒治前社會適應及早期犯罪與毒品經驗後，觀察勒戒、強制戒治、保安處分或社區處遇為最佳司法處遇方案。 本研究建議，在精進改良整合模式之現行架構方面，應強化附命完成戒癮治療之緩起訴處分及社區處遇、改善毒品施用者社區處遇以及優化強制戒治處遇；在辨識毒品核心人口方面，應建立鑑別毒品核心人口之標準，給予適當處遇；在建立以證據為導向之毒品施用者處遇政策方面，毒品施用者處遇政策應立基於經驗證據，並建立評估處遇成效之多元指標；在未來研究建議方面，刑案資訊整合系統應增加毒品施用者社區總體調查資料，並賡續提升司法處遇效能。

● English Abstract:

     The study aims at understanding Taiwan’s development of legal treatment for drug users, and treatment efficacy for different treatment models. The study first collects and compiles theories of moral models, disease models and integrates models as well as instances of legislation, tracks as long as 14-year cohort data, and analyzes relationship between recidivism and personal characteristics, social adjustments, criminal and treatment experiments of drug users who have received legal treatment to finds the risk and protective factors to influence individuals to reoffend. Secondly, the study tracks whether drug users who have received different treatment model reoffend, if they reoffend, what recidivisms types they offend and their survival time to examine the efficacy of different treatment models. Controlling personal characteristics, early criminal and treatment experiences and other factors, the researcher analyzes the relationship between legal treatment and recidivism to examine different treatment models is more efficacious for what kind of drug. The study finds that drug users’ personal characteristics, social adjustments, criminal and drug experience have significant relationship with recidivism. Core users of drug use have significant characteristics. In terms of whether reoffend, drug users’ gender, age, deviant peer and detoxication experience have significant influence for recidivism. Whether drug users reoffend drug crime, gender of user, types of previous use drug, previous incarceration for drug use have significant influence for drug users will reoffend drug crime or not. As for survival time, gender of drug users, age, deviant peer, and types of drug have significant influence for drug users after they receive legal treatment. With regard to the protective factors, elderly, having a job, fewer deviant peers, use less addictive schedule 2 drugs and better performance all help drug users keep away drugs. Drug users frequently enter and relief from prison, high recidivism; however, current legal treatment still can save part of drug users to pervert them from reoffending. Major types of recidivism by drug users are drug crime or property crime. The more the treatment increase, the recidivism types are more concentrative, and the shorter the survival time. As for relapse prevention, community treatment is superior than observation & rehabilitation and compulsory treatment. Observation rehabilitation or compulsory treatment is better than incarceration or combined treatment model; rehabilitative measure is better than penalty. For prolonging survival time, observation rehabilitation, compulsory treatment are superior than incarceration; rehabilitative measure is better than penalty. Controlling personal characteristics, pre-abstinent social adjustment and early criminal and drug use experiences, observation rehabilitation, observation & rehabilitation, compulsory treatment, rehabilitative measures, or social treatment are the best legal treatment options. The study suggests below: (1) in terms of crime prevention, it should intensify informal social control or social capital in adulthood; (2) in fine and refine the current structure of integrated model, it should strengthen deferred prosecution with terms to finish the drug treatment and social treatment, improve drug users’ social treatment and optimize compulsory detoxication treatment. (3) In identifying drug core user population, it should establish standard for identifying drug core population, and provide them proper treatment. In establishing evidence-based drug user treatment policy aspects, drug users’ policy should be based on experience evidence and create multiple index for evaluating treating; (4) In reviewing criminological, developing criminology, is applicable is also suitable in applying in drug crime. Imprisonment reduce drug use to self-heal chances. In conducting future researcher, Criminal Case and Relating Information System should increase social community total investigative data for drug users, and continue to promote legal treatment efficacy.

● 文章連結：

https://hdl.handle.net/11296/w5952s

● 資料來源：

臺灣博碩士知識加值系統