● 中文摘要：

 　　新興毒品（又稱新興影響精神物質，New Psychoactive Substances, NPS）是當前各國面臨之毒品管制難題。本研究透過綜合研究方法進行新興影響精神物質發展趨勢監測，研擬相關濫用預防、防控策略。首先本研究檢視我國對於NPS之官方統計，包含精神醫療院所通報藥物濫用、緝獲毒品統計與濫用藥物尿液檢體檢驗，其中尿檢檢體總陽性率中以合成卡西酮成長最多，而我國食藥署檢出的NPS中，以合成卡西酮類及類大麻活性物質最多。本研究亦探討聯合國、歐盟及各國對於NPS之立法管制概況，包含物質個別列名、臨時（緊急）禁令、快速程式、通類管制或類緣物管制或類緣物管制、特別立法措施及其他管制架構等。本研究以問卷調查法，針對新入監受刑人、戒治所、少觀所及接受講習者進行抽樣調查，發現在所有樣本中，89.5%之樣本曾使用任何一種新興毒品、25.6%之樣本曾販賣任何一種新興毒品，在所有曾使用新興毒品之中，安非他命類佔36.9%列為第一，K他命30.1%次之、類大麻10.6%第三、混合MDMA9.2%第四。從使用藥物動機結果發現，促使吸毒者接觸上述藥物最大動機為遇到挫折、煩躁，第二為想要提神。所有曾販賣新興毒品之樣本中，販售對象多以25-35歲為主，其次為18-25歲。此外，本研究舉行2場次之專家焦點團體座談，第一場次聚焦於新興影響精神物質趨勢與監測方法，研究發現目前我國新興毒品定義不一，應釐清新興毒品與新興影響精神物質(NPS)之關聯性。在監控方面，官方數據無法完整展現我國NPS實際濫用情形，原因可能包含刑罰之輕重罪吸收、相關單位之資料彙報不完全等；於檢驗面向，專家建議應增加檢驗之相關精密儀器並予預算支持。整體而言，政府應規劃相關資料庫，將具有檢驗能力及承辦毒品業務之相關單位整合。第二場次聚焦於預防管制措施，建議修法策略應偏向於類似物管制，將主結構上及藥理相似之物質，透過毒品審議委員會審議機制逐項檢驗並做一次性列管。對於NPS在校園濫用之情況，可運用篩檢的檢量表先做初步推廣，最後手段才是查緝及檢驗監控；醫療面向則建議從防治減害的角色介入。最後，本研究採納RE-AIM分析模型，探討台灣新興影響精神物質之官方資料、收容機構內NPS之特性及經驗、權責主管機關、管控成效、國內外制度實益與限制等。研究發現NPS在使用特性及地點上有著娛樂性用藥之特徵，而愷他命在我國濫用趨勢上仍維持高峰，部分新興藥物在被列管後，有快速增減之趨勢。本研究建議可先調整全國對於NPS之定義，關注校園內NPS濫用趨勢，同時全力查緝毒品網路交易並加強對娛樂場所業者之監督及自我控管。

● English Abstract:

     New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) is one of the major issues for international drug control. This research used multiple methods to monitor New Psychoactive Substances' use trend in Taiwan and develop the proper prevention strategy. First, data analysis is based on official statistics included mental health clinics drug abuse report from Food and Drug Administration, drug seizure statistics, and urine tests for drugs. According to the urine test for drugs data, Synthesis Cathinone has the biggest growth, whereas Food and Drug Administration reported Synthesis Cathinone and Cannabinoids substance are the most popular use in Taiwan. This study also discussed the United Nations and Europe Union's NPS legislative and control measures, including individual listing, temporary/emergency bans, rapid procedures, generic controls, analogue controls, specific NPS-related legislation, and other regulatory frameworks. Data is collected by using survey questionnaire that focusing on inmates, Drug Abuser Treatment Center patients, Juvenile Detention House teens, and drug endangerment prevention lectures students. For the sample researchers found that 89.5% of the sample had used at least one kind of listed NPS and 25.6% of the sample had sold at least one kind of the listed NPS. In all the listed NPS use, Amphetamine analogue ranks on the first with 36.9%. Second is Ketamine in 30.1%, follow with K2 and spice in 10.6%. Last is MDMA in 9.2%. Based on user motivation, it is found that the major motivation for drug use is when users experiencing frustration. The second motivation is users want to refresh themselves. NPS seller data showed that buyers' age range the most is 25 to 35 and secondary with age 18 to 25. This research held two focus group forums. First forum focused on NPS use trend and monitor strategy. It is found that Taiwan's current NPS legislative and control is unstable, therefore it is important to clarify the relevance between traditional drug and NPS. Moreover, official statistics cannot express Taiwan's NPS abuse situation, reasons might be flaws and vulnerability between law enforcement and penalty, or associate official's information incompleted. Second forum discussed about prevention and control strategy. It is suggested that Taiwan's current drug amendment should focus on analogue control which requires a judgement to be made base on whether a suspect substance has a similar chemical and has a similar or greater effect to existing controlled drug. NPS abuse in school environment can be prevented by screening scale as the first layer and intensive investigation and monitoring last. Medical plays the role of harm reduction and prevent further NPS abuse. Lastly, this research used RE-AIM analysis model to consolidated official statistics with data from correction agencies to overcome limitations of NPS prevention and provide proper suggestions for future policies to overcome limitations. Research found that Ketamine has the highest use rate in recreational drug, but rapidly decrease after NPS is listed in controlled drug. The research suggested adjusting NPS's definition in Taiwan, focusing on NPS abuse in school districts, illegal substance online trading, and entertainment districts' control.

● 文章連結：

https://is.gd/g8ApPz

● 資料來源：

華藝線上圖書館