● 中文摘要：

　　我國毒品政策迭經更動，以往僅區分一、二級毒品，目前區分為四級毒品，而且三、四級毒品吸食者如為初犯且持有20公克以下，僅受戒治治療處分，以緩解監獄人滿為患之困境，但毒品收容人仍占矯正機關總收容人數近半，毒品犯罪控制仍然問題重重，尤其近年來新興毒品的快速出現，使得現今毒品物質的刑事司法策略出現了嚴峻的挑戰，因為新興毒品從出現到法律完成立法管控，需要一段時間。製造者往往利用這個時間落差，快速發展與推銷新興毒品來規避管控，許多無知的青少年，就在新毒品被公布前即已染上毒癮，使得毒品控制問題更加難以控制。
聯合國毒品與犯罪辦公室(UNODC) 為因應新興毒品之快速興起，律定了一個新的名稱，叫「新精神活性物質」(New Psychoactive Substances 【NPS】)，新興毒品對健康的影響與社會危害性尚須進一步檢驗，因此如採取防堵與監控，隨著全球化逐漸成為複雜問題，台灣在這一波全球化的發展趨勢中，同樣難以獲得顯著的毒品控制成果。面對毒品危害之問題，行政院提出「新世代反毒策略」，以強化打擊力量，然而，原為萬國公罪的毒品，近來卻有許多國家採取除罪化，形成打擊毒品的新挑戰。
　　國際間反毒策略中最讓人耳熟能詳的為美國的向毒品宣戰（War on Drugs），反毒作戰因此成為國際間用於毒品政策之主軸，目標是阻止國際間違法的毒品與精神藥物的生產、輸送和消費，但美國每年雖花費巨額經費，用於打擊海外非法毒品交易的非政府組織。惟全力打擊海外毒品的結果是，輸入美國的毒品由哥倫比亞轉為自家後門的墨西哥，伴隨著墨西哥非法移民的問題，毒品轉由墨西哥黑幫控制。
　　毒品除罪化的鴿派開始出現，2010年起包含加州在內的許多地方政府，已經率先將危害較輕的大麻予以除罪化，葡萄牙甚至於2001年通過新法，規定個人吸食和持有大麻以及某些毒品者，不再是犯罪行為，給予登記後治療管控。
　　貓頭鷹派的毒品戒治，則主張設法減少需求策略，除了篩選檢驗高風險再犯的毒品人口，持續有效運用資源持續取締毒品外，對於輕微毒品犯罪與以戒治治療，減害治療，甚至另外推出第三方警政的概念，鼓勵自主毒品篩檢，例如由勞動部律定獎勵計畫，積極鼓勵自願參與毒品篩檢自主管理之企業，基於以上策略比較研究，本文以教育者對於輕微毒品吸食者的保護觀點，論述毒品除罪或入罪的可行策略，提出芻議，希望藉由不同角度的教育者觀點，幫助一時好奇或無知的青少年學生，在不慎踩上毒品紅線時，能儘速拉回無毒生活，有效復歸社會與學校。

● English Abstract:

     In order to adapt to the continuous outbreak of newly developed drugs, our nation’s policy adjusts accordingly to it. The original policy ranked drugs into first and second classes, which has been adjusted to four classes in the new policy. In addition, to ease the situation of prisons filled to capacity, first offenders of third and fourth level drugs possessing less than 20 grams of drug will be sentenced with compulsory rehab only. However, according to the statistics of criminals who were given custodial sentence, prisoners who were sentenced because of drugs takes up nearly half of the capacity of prisons. It is obvious that drug abuse remains an unmanageable crisis.
Drug abuse is a crime without victims other than the drug user themselves and categorized as a crimes mala prohibit. The continuous threat of newly developed drugs has brought a tough challenge to strategies on drug Substance criminal policy. After these newly developed drugs are released, it takes a period before they are legislated as prohibited drugs. Illegal manufacturers take advantage of this period to distribute these drugs. Countless ignorant adolescents are already victims of the new drugs before it is officially a prohibited drug. Thus, making it harder and harder to keep these drugs contained.
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has specified a new term as measures of containing newly developed drugs. “New Psychoactive Substances (NPC) “Defined as misused substances which may possess threat to public health.
The harm NPCs on health and the society remains to be assessed. Containing these drugs has become more difficult due to the complexity globalization brings. These NPCs continues to drop, bringing harm to younger generations and even soldiers. The Executive Yuan proposed ‘new generation anti-drug strategy’.
Out of all the anti-drug measures and strategies taken, America’s war on drugs is the most well-known. This quote was originally from a formal U.S president, Nixon. America has also announced that misuse of drugs is the prioritized public enemy of anti-drug measurements. This strategy has been used as the example of anti-drug policy. It aims to reduce illegal drug trades and eliminate worldwide drug production, transportation and trade.
America spend a significant amount of budget to fight drug overseas, such as the armed forces in Columbia. However, the result of this that the source of smuggled drugs changed from Columbia to Mexico. Along with the issues of illegal immigrants, Mexican gangs controlled drug contrabands. After the Hawk’s strategy on the elimination of drugs failed, Doves begin their proposal to decriminalize drugs. Many local governments including California has decriminalized less harmful drugs such as cannabis. Portugal legislated cannabis as a legal drug in 2001 and allowed uses to register to control the amount of weed they use.
Another rehab strategy proposes to reduce the needs. The strategy evaluates possible recidivisms of drugs, suppress drugs with resources available, sentencing minor offenses to compulsory rehab, and even to propose third party administration. According to the comparisons of the strategies mentioned above, this paper proposes a protective measure for those who are not heavily addicted. Moreover, to discuss the different possibilities of legislating or decriminalizing drugs. It is hope that through perspectives of different educators, quickly pull ignorant and curious adolescents back on track when they have stepped into the wrong area.

● 文章連結：

https://hdl.handle.net/11296/px8kv8

● 資料來源：

臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統