中文摘要：

毒品犯罪深具跨國（境）特性，其氾濫程度及衍生之危害性，早已成為國際社會高度重視的議題，同時也造成世界各國社會安全之重大威脅，且非一國之力就能有效解決猖獗的毒品犯罪問題。因此，國際社會間必須相互合作，共同打擊毒品犯罪，才能有效遏止毒品犯罪之蔓延，而此趨勢也已成為國際社會的共識。然而，毒品走私案件的偵破與否，乃取決於犯罪人犯罪手法與偵查人員偵查技術對決的結果，這將是一場永無休止的戰爭，而每場戰役的勝負，則取決於偵查技術相對於犯罪手法的領先或落後。所謂「知己知彼，百戰百勝」，本研究目的係深入探討臺灣毒品走私現況與趨勢，並了解毒品走私犯罪與偵查模式間互動關聯性，進而提出毒品防制與偵查策略。本研究蒐集2015年1月1日至2017年7月31日止，國內各地方法院一審判決有罪毒品走私案件判決書中之空運（人體、貨物）走私及海運（漁船、貨櫃）走私共264件，以量化研究方法（次數分配、交叉分析、對數線性分析）進行官方文件內容分析。再以立意抽樣在各運送模式中選取最具代表性之犯罪人及偵查人員（共十四人），分別以質性研究方法進行半結構式訪談。
本研究從量化研究內容分析發現：各毒品走私級別與毒品走私種類上大致相符。毒品流向在來源國部分，亞洲以中國大陸為主，東南亞以柬埔寨、泰國為主，非亞洲國家以加拿大、美國為主。轉運站部分在亞洲以香港為主，東南亞以越南、馬來西亞為主。運送管道均以空運為主；運輸工具均以客機為主；運送方式以商品夾帶、人體夾帶及包裹快遞為主；夾藏方式以行李托運及陰道夾帶為主；入境時段以夜間至清晨（22-6時）或假日為主；入境地點以機場及港口為主。
從犯罪人及偵查人員訪談中歸納發現跨國（境）毒品走私流程及毒品走私偵查流程，另從犯罪及偵查決定與實施比較中發現，偵查人員在偵查決定與實施方式中，以細膩的思維分析、豐富的查緝經驗，能了解犯罪人決定與實施方式，足以應付查緝毒品走私犯罪集團，唯在地下匯兌管道上有待加強查緝。
從各查緝機關（單位）之偵查情資上發現調查局有據點發現、海巡署有雷情分析、海關有過濾艙單等特殊情資，而警察在偵查情資上與其他機關大致相同。偵查工具上發現調查局有法眼系統電腦資料庫、海巡署有雷達偵測系統及安檢系統、海關有查緝走私情報系統及海運通關資料庫查詢系統等特殊偵查工具，而警察在偵查工具上則優於其他機關。偵查技術上海巡署有雷達情資分析技術，海關有過濾艙單技術，是警察與調查局在偵查技術上欠缺之處；另在新舊偵查技術上發現四種新的偵查技術，動態分為GPS定位、行動蒐證及M化、測點偵查技術，靜態分為公開情資蒐集偵查技術與大數據偵查技術等。在查緝毒品走私上須透過查緝機關（單位）間及與國際合作共打、統合偵查資源、加強國境大門安檢、添購儀檢設備及增加查緝人員，方能發揮偵查效能與效率，以遏止毒品走私猖獗行徑。
綜上歸納研究發現並提出偵防實務上建議及未來研究建議。在實務上建議可分為：組織人員、偵查職能、儀器設備、網絡合作及入出境管理等方面。在組織人員方面建議可分為：（一）調降查證及查驗貨櫃人員，增加查緝勤務人員、（二）促進臺灣毒品查緝人員國際化、（三）成立查緝毒品之統合單位；在偵查職能方面建議可分為：（一）落實執行洗錢防制法、培訓清查資金流向人員、（二）遴選各單位偵查技術師資並辦理師資交流，加強實務訓練、（三）運用大數據資料庫分析、（四）強化查緝人員取證技能、（五）因應走私路徑改變及物品夾藏仿真度提升、（六）加強信差（仲介）查緝；在儀器設備方面建議可分為：（一）添購偵查、儀檢（偵蒐）設備、增設儀檢場地，提升安檢率、（二）完備GPS衛星定位之合法性；在網絡合作方面建議可分為：（一）加強機關間合作，提高偵查效能及效率、（二）加入（或參與）國際刑警組織、合作共打、分享國際情資、（三）協調網路及通訊軟體公司協助配合偵查、（四）加強掃蕩地下匯兌管道；在入出境管理方面建議可分為：（一）國境門戶勤務編排重新調整、加強培訓安檢人員、（二）加強機場安檢，防堵安檢漏洞、（三）嚴檢出口商品及漁船貨物。另在未來研究建議上，則可分為（一）受訪人員方面、（二）受訪機構（業者）方面、（三）情境因素方面、（四）偵查技術方面。

英文摘要：

Drug-related crimes are usually cross-border, and its spread and danger to society have been an important issue for the international community. Meanwhile, it has also posed a serious threat to the public safety to every country in the world and is a problem that no countries can effectively resolve the problem of an increasing number of drug-related crimes on their own. Therefore, the international community must work collaboratively to combat drug-related crimes so that the spread of drug-related crimes can be effectively curbed, which is the consensus the international community has arrived at. However, solving illegal drug smuggling is no less than a competition between the offender’s modus operandi and the investigator’s criminal investigation skills, and the competition will never end. The decisive factor is whether the criminal investigation skills are advanced enough in comparison to the criminal modus operandi. As the saying goes, “If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles,” this study aimed to explore the current status and trends of illegal drug smuggling in Taiwan in depth and to understand the interactivity and correlation between illegal drug smuggling and ways of criminal investigation. This study collected a total of 264 cases related to illegal drug smuggling by air (passengers or cargos) and by sea (fishing vessels or shipping containers) from the verdicts in which the offenders were ruled guilty in the local courts of first instance in Taiwan from January 1, 2015 to July 31, 2017 and analyzed the content of the official documents using the quantitative research methods (frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, and loglinear models). Then, a total of the most representative fourteen offenders and investigators by different ways of transportation were selected by purposive sampling, and semi-structured interviews were conducted respectively using the qualitative method.
Using the quantitative research method, this study discovered that the categories of illegal drugs and the types of illegal drugs being smuggled were basically the same. In terms of the sources of illegal drugs, the major countries of origin included China in Asia, Cambodia and Thailand in Southeast Asia, and Canada and the US in other regions. The major transit places included Hong Kong in Asia and Vietnam and Malaysia in Southeast Asia. In terms of transportation means, illegal drug smuggling was mostly done by air, and the carrier was mainly commercial airplanes. The ways of illegal drug smuggling included disguising illegal drugs inside common merchandise, attaching illegal drugs to one’s body, and shipping parcels containing illegal drugs by mainly placing illegal drugs in luggage checked for shipping and hiding illegal drugs in vaginas. The time of arrival mainly fell between 10 pm to 6 am or on the weekend. The location of arrival mainly included airports and ports.
In the interviews with offenders and investigators, this study got to know the process of cross-border illegal drug smuggling and the investigation process of such crime, and by comparing how crimes were determined and committed and how crimes were investigated, the criminal investigators could understand how crimes were determined and committed by the offenders with their careful and analytically thinking and considerable experience in criminal investigation, and they were able to deal with the criminal gangs of illegal drug smuggling, but there was still room for improvement in terms of investigation into black-market remittance.
In terms of criminal intelligence, this study got to know the Investigation Bureau’s location discovery, the Coast Guard Administration’s radar information, and the Customs Administration’s screened manifests and other special intelligence; the police have similar criminal intelligence as other government agencies. In terms of investigation tools, this study got to know the Investigation Bureau’s database known as “Legal Eye”, the Coast Guard Administration’s radar indicator system and security inspection system, and the Customs Administration’s investigatory smuggling information system and maritime customs clearance database; the police have better tools for investigation. In terms of investigation skills, this study got to know the Coast Guard Administration’s skills for analyzing radar information and the Customs Administration’s skills for screening manifests, but the police and Investigation Bureau do not have enough skills in this respect. This study got to know four new investigation skills, including dynamic skills, such as the GPS, surveillance operations, mobile phone positioning, and checkpoint investigation, and static skills, such as open source information and big data investigation skills. To investigate illegal drug smuggling crimes, it relied on the cross-agency and international collaboration to combat, consolidation of criminal intelligence, reinforcing security check, purchasing inspection equipment, and increasing the number of reconnaissance officers so that investigation can be more effective and efficient, and the illegal drug smuggling can be curbed.

To conclude the above-mentioned findings, this study provides practical suggestions for criminal investigation, and come up with suggestions for future research, the practical suggestions are made from different perspectives: organizational staff, investigation professionalism, instruments and equipment, collaborative networks, and immigration management. For organization staff, the suggestions are (1) decreasing the number of people confirming and checking shipping containers and increasing the number of reconnaissance officers, (2) internationalizing of reconnaissance officers for illegal drugs in Taiwan, and (3) establishing a regulatory agency supervising drug-related crime investigation. For investigation professionalism, the suggestions are (1) enforcing the Money Laundering Control Act and training personnel responsible for investigating capital flows, (2) selecting trainers of investigation skills from different agencies and holding exchange seminars, (3) utilizing big data databases for analysis, (4) enhancing investigator’s skills for obtaining evidence, (5) responding to the changes of illegal drug smuggling routes and the advancement of modus operandi, and (6) enhancing investigation for agents. For instruments and equipment, the suggestions are (1) purchasing investigation and reconnaissance equipment, increasing space for inspection, and improving the amount of security check and (2) ensuring the legality of the GPS. For collaborative networks, the suggestions are (1) strengthening cross-agency cooperation and increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of investigation, (2) joining or participating in the International Criminal Police Organization, cooperating to combat crimes, and sharing intelligence internationally, (3) coordinating Internet or communication software companies to assist in investigation, and (4) trying harder to eradicate black-market remittance. For immigration management, the suggestions are (1) reassigning duties for staff in airports and further training the security personnel, (2) improving airports’ security to tighten the loopholes, and (3) strictly inspecting exporting goods and cargos on fishing vessels. For future research, the suggestions include those for (1) interviewees, (2) interviewed organizations (businesses), (3) situational variables, and (4) investigation skills.

文章連結：

https://hdl.handle.net/11296/46sa4c

資料來源：

臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統