● 中文摘要：

壹、研究緣起 隨著人口老化，失能老人人口增加，可以扶養的人力和老年人口的比率逐步下降，家庭照顧的能力也因為核心家庭化、婦女投入職場、少子化等趨勢而有弱化的情形，也加重了家庭照顧的負荷，這些因素揉合了家庭關係的疏離和老人或家屬的一些特質，使得老人受暴的個案逐年上升，受暴的問題越來越嚴重。 我國過去在老人保護工作方面累積了不少經驗，只是隨著受暴問題日趨嚴重，又正值政府組織再造（成立「保護司」的研議），有需要評估法令和服務模式對於老人受暴防治的成效，以便提出相關的改善策略。另外，過去有關老人受暴者的求助行為、因應方式、和樣態的研究，有需要進一步彙整，並增加新的資料。 本研究的目的如下： 1.瞭解老人遭受家庭暴力的樣態。 2.探討老人遭受家庭暴力之後的服務需求、求助行為、因應方式。 3.分析和評估相關法令政策與服務模式對於老人家庭暴力防治的成效並提供具性別意識的改善策略。

貳、研究方法及過程 本研究以焦點團體的方式蒐集老人求助與因應方式，以及各縣市服務模式相關的資料，有關老人受暴的樣態，則以文本資料為主軸進行量化分析，由於文本資料以「家庭暴力及性侵害防治中心」遭受到身體和精神暴力、已經開案的個案記錄為主，有關疏忽和遺棄的個案則付諸闕如。因此，文本資料之外，仍須仰賴量化問卷資料調查與分析，以便補強對於疏忽和遺棄個案的探討，由於疏忽和遺棄與失能和需要家人照顧有關，因此問卷訪視的對象主要是針對使用居家服務的失能長者。

參、重要發現 1.部分縣市缺乏明確的分工、協調、和轉介的機制。 2.各縣市缺乏篩檢和評估的工具。 3.老人保護的宣導不足，有強化的空間。 4.缺乏因應原住民老人保護特定需求的服務模式。 5.缺乏「人籍不一」個案的處遇協調機制和原則。 6.缺乏以社區為主軸的老人保護網絡建制。 7.部分縣市老人保護工作人員對於安置機構的資訊認知不足。 8.目前老人保護相關的法令效能不足。 9.女性是老人受暴問題的主要受害者。 10.老人受暴問題的主要因素是照顧和親子互動的問題

肆、主要建議事項 建議一：(立即可行之建議) 建構社區老人安全網絡，結合鄰里長、社區關懷協會、其他民間團體、健康中心、警察單位等，透過定期的聯繫會報，提供社區民眾相關的宣導和教育手冊，並建立老人保護成效指標的監控機制，減少老人暴力的發生。 主辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 協辦機關：無 建議二：(立即可行之建議) 強化社區老人服務機構在老人保護服務相關資訊的宣導。 主辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 協辦機關：無。 建議三：(立即可行之建議) 針對老人服務機構的使用者，進行社區受暴長者的預防性篩檢，例如：長青中心、社區大學、關懷據點、和居家服務中心，並強化這些機構的轉介功能。 主辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 協辦機關：無 建議四：(立即可行之建議) 強化老人保護工作人員的教育訓練，除了強化個案管理和處遇的能力之外，重點放在家庭問題與動力的評估、家庭關係的協調、和保護個案的情緒支持。 主辦機關：內政部（社會司、家防會）。 協辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 建議五：(立即可行之建議) 建立各縣市協調的機制，落實老人保護案件發生地即時處遇的原則。 主辦機關：內政部（社會司）。 協辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 建議六：(立即可行之建議) 透過資源手冊的建置、更新、和宣導，強化各縣市工作人員對於所在縣市的老人保護個案安置資源的掌握，以增進安置處所服務的可近性。 主辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 協辦機關：內政部（社會司）。 建議七：(立即可行之建議) 增加第一線老人保護服務單位的實務工作者的人力，解決人力不足和負荷過重的問題。。 主辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 協辦機關：內政部（社會司）。 建議八：(立即可行之建議) 建構老年受暴女性「充權」的保護處遇的模式 主辦機關：內政部(社會司)、行政院衛生署。 協辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府 建議九：(中長期建議) 強化「行政院原住民委員會」在老人保護的功能，同時運用部落在地資源，例如：家庭服務中心或民間團體，共同研議和建構符合原住民特質的老人保護的服務模式。 主辦機關：行政院原住民委員會、各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 協辦機關：內政部（社會司、家防會）。 建議十：(中長期建議) 各縣市「家庭暴力及性侵害防治中心」和「老人福利科」應共同訂定明確的個案轉介的流程和協調的機制，運用內政部委託研究案初步發展的「老人保護評估工具」（楊培珊，2012），進行個案危機程度的分級，以進行分工和分案。 主辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 協辦機關：內政部（社會司、家防會）。 建議十一：(中長期性建議) 成立「老人保護小組」，整合現行的「家庭暴力及性侵害防治中心」和「老人福利科」分工的機制 主辦機關：各直轄市、縣（市）政府。 協辦機關：內政部（社會司、家防會）。

● English Abstract:

     Violence against elders has become a serious social problem to be reckoned with in Taiwan. The scope of the problem manifested in the number of cases reported, intervened, and officially defined as victims of domestic violence. What constitutes the reasons for this increase has yet to be determined. It is likely that families face an uphill battle for having to provide care in an increasingly difficult situation. The population in this country is aging rapidly, causing more people to become dependent who need long-term care. Family provides the bulk of care to their dependent elders. As the number of dependent elders increase, the ability for the families to provide care is nonetheless going on the opposite direction. This downturn in family’s ability lies in a number of demographic trends. For one thing, families are going for nuclear in their size due to a serious decline in birth rate. Second, the past decade has seen a rapid increase in women’s participation in the labor forces, sending a drastic decrease in the supply of family care providers with women as the backbone of the care giving forces. As the problem of violence against elders gets serious, the need to study it has also become urgent. Several reasons account for the needs to conduct this study. First of all, despite an accumulation in experiences for fighting this social problem, data on the issue have yet to be updated due to the drastic growth in the number of cases year by year. In addition, an infrastructural overhaul in the government has been planned to upgrade the level of administration in charge of protections for all ages. Third, previous literature on the profile of violence against elders, their help-seeking behaviors, and service models has yet to be renewed and enriched given the pace of the growth in the number of violence cases. The objectives for this study are three-fold: to provide a profile of whom the victims and their offenders are, to examine their help-seeking behaviors and service needs, and to categorize the service models currently practicing in each county throughout the nation. Method and Procedure ： Focus groups were held once or twice for every one of the four districts in Taiwan, from north, middle, south, and east. A total of six groups were held as a result. Data were collected to attempt to answer the questions on the type of service model and case management procedures for each county, elders’ help seeking behaviors and coping styles, and victim and their offender profiles. Second, a data bank on the case record for every one of the victims served by the protection agencies nation-wide was used to analyze the profile of victims of physical and psychological abuses. For the cases involving abandonment and negligence, a questionnaire on the abused and their offenders’ profile, the types of violence they experience, their needs, and their psychological outcomes (mainly depression) was administered to a group of home care users, predominantly dependent elders. Major Findings: 1.Women are the primary victims of elder abuse regardless its types, begging for a need to develop a model of intervention sensitive the sex issues. 2.There lacks a clear division, coordination, and referral mechanism in several county districts. 3.There lacks a screening and evaluation instrument to assure the urgency of crises and the division of responsibility. 4.There are strong needs for more education in the community. 5.There is a strong need for the Council on the Aboriginal Affairs to take major responsibilities to take leadership in developing a race proper model of intervention for victims in the tribes. 6.An improvement is needed for the better coordination between counties. 7.Community-based networks for providing protection for the abused elders are still in want. 8.Resource books on the placement for the abused elder require an update and knowledge regarding the placement on the part of frontline workers needs an enhancement. 9.The burden due to providing care to the dependent elderly parents as well as problems of family interactions surpasses intimate violence as the major causes for elder abuses. 10.The screening for the over-burdened families providing care to the dependent elders and the service supports for them needs to be enhanced. Proposals for Policy Renovation： Short term: 1.Construct a safety network of coordination involving neighborhood leaders, community organizers, health promotion center, police unit through a mechanism of regular meetings with major tasks of providing residents education, pamphlets on the preventions of domestic violence, and establishing a mechanism for monitoring its occurrences. 2.Enhance the propagations of domestic violence related information by targeting senior service agencies that have direct contacts with the elderly. 3.Boost the screening works in the agencies serving elders for implementing preventive measures, targeting particularly agencies serving the dependent elders who may be more prone to domestic violence. 4.nhance training for the front line workers in the area of case management and family interventions. 5.Improving the coordination mechanism between county districts by forging a rule of intervention-in-place to prevent postponement. 6.Update resource books for the frontline workers, emphasizing particular the information on placement for the abused elders to increase its accessibility. 7.Construct an empowerment intervention model with sex-consciousness touch by the following measures: a.Education and consciousness-raising measures: raising community consciousness on elderly women’s predicament and their sufferings from domestic violence through education programs. b.Practice model: empower elderly women to raise their consciousness through an empowerment oriented model for case work and family intervention. c.Policy Initiatives: increase service supports for the burdened family providing care to the dependent elders. Mid- or Long-term 1.Enhance the functions of the Council on the Aboriginal Affair on providing services to the aboriginal communities by utilizing local resources and on developing a race appropriate service model. 2.Using the newly developed screening instrument to categorized cases by their degree of urgencies to assure a consistent case assignment. 3.Integrate the current division of labor mechanism either by the Center on the Domestic Violence and Sex Abuse or the Area Agency on Aging.

● 文章連結：

https://goo.gl/sh4Ngb

● 資料來源：

政府研究資訊系統