量刑制度之研究─以隨機殺人犯罪為中心Research of Sentencing System─Focus on Random Killing Crimes
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- 最後更新日期：109-05-13
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資料來源:http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=MtgIBv/record?r1=2&h1=4
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近年來，我國發生數起震驚社會的隨機殺人案件，每次發生都使社會受到嚴重傷害。而長久以來，司法審判公正性亦飽受人民質疑，特別在隨機殺人此類社會重大矚目刑事案件，當判決刑度與人民期待有落差時，便掀起社會輿論的一片撻伐。因此，法官究竟如何決定具體刑度便顯得相當重要。為探討我國法官對於判決刑度之審酌與決定，本文首先以文獻整理法，比較美國與日本相關量刑制度，以決定我國是否需要制定統一量刑基準，或僅需於法條訂定量刑審酌因素，而交由法官個案認定。確定量刑模式後，以判決歸納法整理我國近年相關隨機殺人案件判決，並討論隨機殺人犯罪有無特別量刑因素，換言之，有無目前我國刑法第57條所未明文規定，卻實質影響法官審酌刑度之因素。最後，為確保法官獨立審判，現行評議制度採取評議不公開原則，復以法官心證的形成過程往往在法官心中，人民並無從得知，而判決作出後亦僅顯示合議庭多數意見法官之見解，使得少數意見法官若有認為重要的不同意見，亦無從表達，故本文亦嘗試討論使法官能於判決附具不同意見之可能，如此非但可使少數意見法官有表達其見解之管道，亦可使人民更了解法官刑度審酌之過程、促進司法與人民的對話。
本文共分為五章，第一章為緒論，分別說明研究動機與問題意識、研究方法與研究範圍，並介紹研究架構；第二章為隨機殺人之概念與內涵，除定義隨機殺人此一新興犯罪型態，並列出日本與我國相關案例；第三章為刑罰與量刑，詳述刑罰理論與量刑法制，以釐清刑罰與量刑二者之關係；第四章為隨機殺人犯罪之量刑模式，除比較隨機殺人犯罪與傳統殺人犯罪之異同，並討論量刑制度究竟應如何選擇，及於實務運作時會產生哪些問題；第五章則為結論，除就本文所探討之問題為整體回顧，並就相關問題提出建議與結論。In recent years, several random killing crimes shocked and seriously hurt our society. At the same time, judicial impartiality is questioned by people for a long time, especially when the large cases as random killing crimes happen. When there is gap between the result of judgement and people’s expectation, public opinion will give huge pressure. Therefore, how to decide specific penalty gets quite important for judge. The study first review foreign literatures, compare the sentencing system of America and Japan, and decide whether we should set up a sentencing guideline. After confirming the sentencing mode, the study reorganize the killing cases of Taiwan and discuss whether there are any other factors that virtually affect judges. At last, in order to make sure judicial impartiality, because the present deliberation is secret and people can’t know judge’s inner conviction, the study try to discuss the possibility of attaching the dissenting opinion of the minority judges.
The study has five chapters in total. The first chapter is introduction which illustrate the problem awareness, study method, study scope and study structure. The second chapter define the random killing crimes and organize the cases in Japan and Taiwan. The third chapter is penalty and sentencing, which introduce the theories to clarify the relationships between the two. The fourth chapter is the sentencing mode of random killing crimes. It compares the differences and similarities of random killing and traditional killing cases, and discusses how to choose the sentencing mode and the practical problems. The fifth chapter is conclusion, which reviews the problem of the study and give conclusion and advice.