殺人犯罪被害人遺屬寬恕歷程之研究The Forgiving Process of Homicide Survivors
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- 最後更新日期：109-05-13
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資料來源:http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=MtgIBv/record?r1=4&h1=4
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寬恕一詞，一直以來，常是神學、哲學、倫理學領域的討論及研究主題，最近二、三十年來，心理學領域也興起許多有關寬恕(治療)的科學實證研究，犯罪學領域則幾乎少有寬恕的論述。然而，每當發生社會矚目的殺人犯罪事件時，大眾媒體與社會大眾除了了解犯罪者的犯罪動機與過程、犯罪者有無表達悔意與道歉之外，亦不乏有被害人遺屬表示選擇寬恕殺害親人的兇手，而成為倍受關注與討論的焦點。
本研究之研究目的在於了解被害人遺屬對寬恕的認知、選擇寬恕的動機、決定寬恕的內外在影響因素、建構其寬恕的歷程、寬恕帶來的影響與改變、以及探討社會輿論、司法程序或參與修復式司法方案等對被害人遺屬選擇寬恕的影響。
本研究採取質性研究方式，先從報章媒體的採訪報導建立受訪者名單，再透過與受訪者熟識的個人或機構之引薦，徵得五位殺人犯罪的被害人遺屬的同意後進行深度訪談。其次，針對五位受訪者的訪談內容加以分類與叢聚，並完成同類或相近性質資料的編碼，再根據學者Enright提出的「寬恕的歷程模式」及「寬恕的歷程介入模式」理論，以及Spring提出「如實接納」理論的概念及架構，進行相關主題的分類與歸納。
經由本研究受訪者的敘說，呈現出殺人犯罪被害人遺屬的被害影響、面對加害者或社會輿論的感受與衝擊、經歷司法程序及參與修復式司法方案的過程與建議、對寬恕的認知、選擇寬恕的歷程、以及存在寬恕與不寬恕間的回應機制。最後研究者根據研究發現，分別自「感受到傷害」、「覺察到負面情緒的影響」、「決定選擇寬恕解決問題(寬恕想法的形成)」、「由內而外執行寬恕作為」及「結出寬恕的果子」等五個層面，來建構受訪者的寬恕歷程，並以敘事方式撰寫其選擇寬恕的生命故事。Forgiveness has long been discussed and researched as a theme in theology, philosophy, and ethics. In the last two or three decades, there have been a lot of scientific empirical researches about forgiveness in the field of psychology (treatment). However, there is very little discussion of forgiveness in criminology. When homicide happens, the media and the public try to figure out the perpetrator's motive and the course of offense and whether the offender expresses remorse and apology. There are cases that the victim survivor expresses that he/she is willing to forgive the murderer of his/her loved ones. And it would become the focus of much attention and discussion.
The purpose of this research is to understand the victim survivors' cognition, motivation, the internal and external factors, the construction of the course of forgiveness and the impact and change that it has brought about and also to explore the influence of public opinion, judicial procedures, their participation of the Restorative Justice Program on victim survivors' choice to forgive.
By qualitative research method, in-depth interviews with five survivors of homicide victims would be conducted after making a list of interviewees by surveying the newspaper reports, then contacting them through the referral of individuals or institutions familiar with the interviewees and finally being granted the consent to the interview. The interviews would be classified and clustered and then be encoded by the same or similar nature of the information. Classification and summarization of related topics would be conducted based on Enright's process model of forgiveness and Enright's process model of forgiveness intervention as well as Spring's acceptance theory.
The respondents' narration shows the impact of homicide on the survivors, the impact of confronting the perpetrators and the public, their experiences and suggestions after going through the judicial procedures and the participation in the Restorative Justice Program, their cognition of forgiveness, their course of forgiveness and the respondent mechanism between to forgive and not to forgive. Finally, according to the findings of the research, the five respondents' course of forgiveness would be conducted and the life stories of their choice to forgive would be told in the narrative style based on the five phases: "feeling hurt", "being aware of the impact of negative emotions", "deciding to choose forgiveness as the solution to the problem (the formation of the idea of forgiveness)", "execution of forgiveness from the inside out" and "bearing the fruit of forgiveness".