住宅竊盜防制對策之研究-以新北市為例A Study on the Prevention of Countermeasures against Residential Burglary in New Taipei City
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- 最後更新日期：109-05-13
- 資料點閱次數：207
資料來源:http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=MtgIBv/record?r1=6&h1=5
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摘要
新北市自2010年12月25日起改制升格為直轄市，全市劃分為29區，1,032個里，全市人口395萬餘人，約占全國總人口數的六分之一，外來人口約占三分之二；位居大臺北都會區要衝，城鄉交會，人口稠密，交通四通八達，其總體環境如同臺灣社會的縮影，地理環境有高山、丘陵、平原、盆地及海岸，人文環境有原民部落、農業鄉村、都市、工商集中區及沿海港埠，無論從人口、政治、經濟、人文及都會區域發展各方面，均呈現非常多元及複雜的特殊結合，隨著臺灣經濟發展與社會現代化，人口及就業機會過度集中於都會地區，城鄉差距因此日益擴大，加上社會價值觀念改變、景氣不佳及貧富差距擴大等眾多因素影響下，各類犯罪層出不窮，犯罪手法亦愈趨多元，密集的外來人口也帶來治安問題。其中犯罪頻率最高者即為竊盜犯罪，且為世界各國公認最不易根絕犯罪行為之一，尤其竊盜犯罪日趨組織化與職業化，嚴重影響社會治安，因此在治安之維護上相對繁重複雜；特別在所有刑案中，竊盜犯罪為發生率最高的犯罪型態，民眾對竊盜的感受最深，因此對民眾治安感受之測量上經常以竊盜案件犯罪率(即發生率)為指標，且在內政部警政署每季辦理之治安滿意度調查中，民眾對治安的感受與評價，主要取決於自身週遭生命財產權益是否被侵害而定，住宅內財物被竊是最具有可非難性之犯罪類型，亦是民眾最關心的話題，而住宅竊盜犯罪至今未能有效防範，主要還是在民眾防竊硬體設備不足及不良所致因此，將住宅在設計階段就將犯罪防治預防安全措施包括在內，如此才是防竊根本之道。
依警察機關對於竊盜的區分，分為一般竊盜（含住宅竊盜）、重大竊盜、機車竊盜及汽車竊盜。但對於一般民眾來說，他們所關心的可能僅止於與自已有切身利害關係的住宅、扒竊、機車竊盜及汽車竊盜案件。而住宅竊盜犯罪不僅對民眾的財產構成嚴重威脅，對於民眾的居家與生命安全亦造成威脅，倘缺乏因應對策，不但無法維持民眾生活之基本品質，更會危及整體社會安全，造成心理上極大的恐懼與不安。長期以來，政府均相當重視竊盜犯罪問題的嚴重性，全國警察人員也全力設法要讓竊盜犯罪問題能有效地得到控制，惟成效仍未能彰顯，檢視其成因主要為民眾缺乏防範意識，而竊盜集團以組織化、專業化之形式出現，不易防制為其主要因素。
防制住宅竊盜犯罪絕非警察單方面的努力可以奏效，必須從個人、家庭、社會及政府等相關部門彼此通力合作，朝犯罪預防的方向彼此相互配合才能達成。近來建立「社區治安網絡」、「社區警察」及「治安風水師」漸為警政策略之新趨勢，所謂「警力有限、民力無窮」，社區居民眾應當破除自掃門前雪的觀念，走進社區，把治安當成社區每個人都要關心與參與的工作，透過社區安全營造，激發社區居民參與公共事務的意願，提醒居民養成觀察周遭環境的警覺性，使社區成為預防犯罪的第一線。Abstracts
Since December 25, 2010, Xinbei City has been upgraded to a municipality. It is divided into 29 districts and 1,032 villages with a population of 3.95 million people, two-third of which are from out of Xinbei City. Its population accounts for about one-sixth of the nation’s total population.Thus,Xinbei City has more
With dense population and well-developed transportation,And overall environment is like a microcosm of Taiwan society. From the geographical point of view, it features a rich combination of mountains, hills, plains, basins and coasts; from the cultural aspect, it integrates indigenous tribes, agricultural villages, cities, industrial and commercial areas as well as coastal ports. Therefore, Xinbei City is itself a multi-cultural and complex combination regarding the formation of its population, politics, economy, humanities and metropolitan development.
As Taiwan's economy grows and society becomes more modernized, more and more people move into the city to look for more employment opportunities. As a result, the gaps between urban and rural areas as well as the rich and the poor widen quickly, which is coupled with changes in social values and deteriorated due to declining economy and many other factors. Therefore, all kinds of crime springs and more criminal methods emerge. People from other cities also cause some security issues.
Theft is considered to be the most frequent kind of crime and the hardest to be rooted out especially when it is becoming more organized and even professionalized, which seriously affects social order and makes the maintenance of law and order more complex. In all criminal cases, the crime of theft is especially high in frequency and people are most aware of it; therefore, the indicator of citizens’ feeling of public safety is usually based on the crime rate of theft. Also, the security satisfaction survey quarterly done by the National Police Agency of Ministry of the Interior reveals that the public's feelings and evaluation of law and order majorly depends on whether their life and property rights are infringed. Citigens are most concerned about is that residential theft.That is the most condemnable kind of crime. Despite of this, residential theft has not yet been effectively prevented mainly because of the lack of the anti-theft hardware equipment; hence, integrating crime prevention and control measures into the design of housing will be the fundamental way to prevent theft.According to the police authorities, the crime of theft has four categories: general theft (including residential theft), major theft, locomotive theft and car theft, but for the general public, they may be only concerned about residential theft, pickpocketing, locomotive theft and car theft cases related to themselves. The crime of house theft is not only a serious threat to the property of the people, but also poses a threat to their home and life safety. The lack of countermeasures causes the failure to maintain basic quality of the people's life, endangers the overall social security as well as raises great fear and uneasiness. The government has put a great emphasis on the seriousness of theft issue for a long time, and the police officers have also been endeavoring to keep the crime under controlled. However, its effectiveness has not been demonstrated as people lack the awareness of theft and burglary groups become more organized and professionalized.
All in all, the prevention of residential theft is not a unilateral effort by the police. Crime prevention must be achieved by the collaboration between individuals, families, societies and other relevant departments of the government. Recently, the establishment of "Community Policing Network", "Community Policeman" and "Policing Feng Shui" have become the new trend of police policies. It is said that "police force is limited and the people are endless." Community residents should get rid of the concept of "dealing with our own business only.” Everyone in a community should care and participate in maintaining the community’s law and order. Through the establishment of community security, residents can be encouraged to participate in public affairs and to be more aware of their own surroundings, so the community should become the front line of crime prevention.