中文摘要:

近年來由於國內各式詐騙頻傳，詐欺犯罪之嚴重程度，已躍升為財產犯罪之第二位。為解決詐欺犯罪問題，本研究嚐試從法律社會學的角度進行探討詐欺犯罪法官量刑標準，以期為量刑問題提出另一思考方向。
本研究之目的，首先是希望蒐集英國、美國等國家有關法官量刑改革的成果，進行比較分析，瞭解各國對詐欺罪量刑因素審酌的「重要性指標」，以為我國相同案類量刑準則之參考。其次，針對法官進行問卷調查，分析法官對於量刑模式、一般量刑標準和刑法第339條第一項詐欺罪量刑在犯罪可責性、犯罪實害性、再犯危險性、犯罪後作為等之意見和態度。第三、針對蒐集各地方法院有關刑法第339條第一項詐欺罪判決書，藉實證資料分析詐欺罪量刑及相關因素，並檢驗量刑理論。第四、根據研究結果，對未來其他案類建立量刑準則及量刑研究提出具體建議。
本論文第二章首先探討刑罰理論，第三章則就量刑理論提出探討，本文歸納提出四種量刑理論：「自動控制理論」、「歸責理論」、「區域司法文化理論」及「個人結構理論」，除就各相關量刑理論加以闡述外，並就各相關理論的應用與相關研究進行佐證說明。第五章並對美國、英國、香港等國家或地區，除介紹詐欺罪之量刑標準外，並歸納整理前述國家或地區對詐欺罪量刑刑度加重或減輕主要考量因素，並就各國詐欺罪量刑影響因子進行分析比較。
本論文在實證過程中，採用現有法官問卷調查和官方文件分析，以進行資料蒐集與分析。法官問卷調查部分，針對全國各審級法官進行抽樣問卷調查，以探求法官對於詐欺罪量刑意見之看法。官方文件分析則以2011年至2012年間我國各地方法院詐欺罪判決書為分析資料，分析刑度之分佈及影響刑度的因素，及導致法官量刑歧異的可能因素。
本論文結論則針對1、各國詐欺罪量刑準則作比較；2、詐欺罪量刑現況與特性總結說明；3、法官量刑調查結果歸納；4、判決書分析之詐欺罪量刑影響因素歸納；5、詐欺罪量刑理論模式檢驗與理論作對話；6、研究假設檢驗結果說明。
本論文最後提出以下建議：1、參酌各國量刑標準與趨勢並衡酌我國國情與共識，以建立量刑準則；2、司法院應成立量刑研究發展委員會負責推動量刑準則之建立與研究；3、法學、社會科學與資訊的結合為建立具體量刑標準的途徑；4、我國量刑標準應先由共識程度中、高度以上的模式著手；5、先由詐欺案類著手建立具體量刑標準；6、鼓勵法官多善用詐欺罪量刑準則；7、量刑標準研究仍有很大研究空間。

英文摘要:

The purpose of this dissertation includes four goals: 1.Applying a comparative perspective, this study collects criminal fraud cases which were sentenced in U.K., U.S., and Hong Kong in order to conduct literature analysis for identifying what kinds of “weighted criteria” (e.g., the levels of guilty, seriousness, recidivism, and regret) really matter while judges make his/her sentences; 2. Conducting survey to judges with a self-administered questionnaire method, this study further analyzes what kinds of “weighted criteria” that impacted Taiwanese judges while making his/her final sentences; 3. Collecting District Court Judgments relating to the cases of Article 339 (1) of Criminal Code, the study also identifies what kinds of “weighted criteria” impacted those judge decisions; 4. Taken together, the sentencing theories and “weighted criteria” can be sufficiently examined and clarified. Then, sentencing guidelines can be developed and proposed in final.
Accordingly, the framework of this dissertation includes: chapter one is the introduction. Chapter two introduced the history and backgrounds of penal theories. Then, four sentencing theories, Cybernetic theory, Causal attribution theory, Social contexts or social worlds theory, and Personal construct theory, have been fully introduced and discussed in chapter three. Chapter five emphasizes the comparative perspectives and those legal cases occurring in UK, US, and Hong Kong relating to criminal fraud crimes were cited and discussed to identify the “weighted criteria.” In addition, mitigating and aggravating factors have been introduced. Chapter six presents the results of quantitative analysis from all grades of judges’ questionnaires. Chapter seven presents those Court Judgments collected from 2011 to 2012, including the results and discussions.
Overall, the significant conclusions are presented as follows: 1. Based on the comparative analysis, the study provides some concrete “weighted criteria” as sentencing guidelines for Taiwan judges when sentencing criminal fraud cases; 2. Taiwan Judicial Yuan should establish “Sentencing Commission” to conduct some research in order to set up sentencing guidelines regulating and leading sentencing practices; 3. This study also suggests that interdisciplinary principle (such as social science, law, and information science) should be introduced to build up sentencing guidelines; 4. The sentencing guidelines should be developed from the cases of high degree of consensus; 5. While sentencing guidelines should be developed for each different offense, the first one should be ruled for criminal fraud cases; 6. Taiwan Judicial Yuan should encourage judges to employ sentencing guidelines while in trails; 7. Sentencing guidelines research should be pushed continually.

資料來源: https://hdl.handle.net/11296/zbvwmy