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拍賣(購物)詐欺被害歷程研究- 以ATM解除分期付款為例

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  • 最後更新日期:109-05-13
  • 資料點閱次數:721

中文摘要:

 

根據內政部警政署刑事警察局官方統計數據顯示,2016年至2017年詐欺案件發生類別比例最高為拍賣(購物)詐欺,而「ATM解除分期付款」占「拍賣(購物)詐欺」中的多數。「ATM解除分期付款」詐欺手法行之有年,防騙訊息相當普遍,民眾仍遭到被害,此為本研究重要動機。
本研究以慎思可能性模式、生活方式暴露論、日常活動理論、理性選擇理論、情境處理理論及個人被害因素理論為基礎,採質性研究法,針對曾遭受「ATM解除分期付款」詐欺犯罪被害之9名被害既遂者及1名被害未遂者進行訪談,透過分析犯罪被害歷程,以達到三個研究目的:
一、瞭解被害者個人因素與被害的關係。
二、瞭解被害者與詐欺者者互動中之情境因素。
三、透過研究提出改善建議。
研究結果發現,在生活型態方面,曾在高風險賣場購物、不熟悉金融轉帳流程、對防騙訊息漠不關心,被害風險性則越高。被害者個人特質並不重要,重要的是被害者與詐欺者互動過程中產生的個人因素(恐懼、第一時間回應方式、負面情緒、過去類似的經驗)及情境因素(17至23時、信任心強化、時間壓力、佔線、有能力監控者缺席)。並將訪談內容運用於ELM理論架構之中,研究者歸納出被害者因詐欺訊息產生高度的動機,經由中央路徑作查證的動作,卻聚焦在錯誤的資訊,而未產生動機的被害者聚焦在訊息的內容,兩者因互動過程中的個人因素及情境因素,影響其推敲詐欺訊息的能力,最終走入周邊路徑而遭到詐騙。此外,未被害成功的關鍵因素為第三人介入。
針對研究結果提出以下建議:自動提款機及網路銀行系統設置詐欺偵測、AI自動提款機詐欺偵測、建立轉帳及現金存款滯留機制、強化電子商務防制詐欺作為、改變過度自信的心態、宣導預防詐欺觀念及推廣第三人協助攔阻詐欺。

 

英文摘要:

 

According to official statistics from the Criminal Investigation Bureau, the top fraud case of 2016-2017 is Online Shopping Fraud, while the installment plan cancellation through ATM (IPCA) accounts for the majority of it. The IPCA scam has been in existence for a long time. The anti-fraud message is common, and the people are still victimized. This is the motivation for this study.
Based on the cautious possibility model, the lifestyle exposure theory, the routine activity theory, the rational choice theory, the situated transaction and the personal victimization theory, the research method is based on the scam crimes that have suffered from the IPCA. Nine victims were interviewed in this study in order to analyze the IPCA to achieve three research purposes:
First, to understand the relationship between the victim's individual factors and the fact of victimization;
Second, to understand the situational factors within the interaction between the victim and the offender.
Third, to propose policy improvements.
In terms of lifestyle, the result shows that the high-risk victims had been shopping at high-risk stores, and they were unfamiliar with the financial transfer process, or indifferent to anti-fraud messages. The personal traits of the victim are not important at all. What is important is the interactional factors (fear, first-time response, negative emotions, similar experiences in the past) and situational factors (17 to 23 pm, trust enhancement, time pressure, business, the absence of capable surveillance) generated by the interaction between the victim and the offender. Applying the the ELM theory framework, the researchers concluded that the victim was highly motivated by the fraudulent message, while the central route was utilized to verify the action, and the victims rather focused on the wrong information. The unmotivated victim focused on the content of the message, with the influences of interactional factors and situational factors in the process, which affected their ability to swindle fraudulent messages, and the victims eventually fell into the peripheral route and were deceived. In addition, the key factor for the success of the non-victimization is the involvement of a third person.
The following suggestions are proposed: ATM and online banking system should set up fraud detection system and AI ATM fraud detection, establish money transfer and cash deposit detention mechanism, strengthen e-commerce to prevent fraud. The government should stop overconfidence mentality, advocate the concept of fraud prevention, and promote third parties intervention to stop fraud.

 

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