中文摘要:

本研究之主要目的，乃在於探討少年犯罪行為之心理特質、家庭背景、同儕關係與學校經驗等相關因素間之交互作用。樣本對象為國三、高中高職男生1186名及少年輔育院(少年監獄)各類型少年犯410名，並採用自編之「青少年生活情境量表」為主要研究工具，所得之資料運用Pearson 積差相關、逐步複迴歸分析及多因子變異數分析等統計方法進行資料分析。本研究之主要發現如下：
1.一般少年與犯罪少年之心理特質、家庭背景、同儕關係及學校經驗對其偏差及犯罪行為之影響有顯著差異。其差異的地方為：「刺激尋求取向」、「動機延緩能力」、「外控取向」、「自我概念結構」、「自我克制能力」、「情緒狀態」、「情緒疏導能力」、「偏差價值觀」、「家庭社經地位」、「親屬偏差」、「不良交友」、「學行成績」、「逃學曠課次數」，且少年犯均不如一般少年。另外，在「自陳偏差行為」、「自陳財產犯罪行為」、「自陳暴力犯罪行為」、「自陳藥物濫用行為」上，少年犯均明顯較一般少年為多；且均達顯著差異。
2.所有少年之心理特質、家庭背景、同儕關係及學校經驗對其偏差及犯罪行為有交互作用影響存在。尤其是同儕關係、學校經驗與偏差行為變項間具有顯著的交互作用效果，顯見這三個因素的影響力很大。同時，證明少年犯罪並非導因於單一因素，而是多種因素交互影響的結果。
3.一般少年與犯罪少年之心理特質、家庭背景、同儕關係及學校經驗對其偏差及犯罪行為之預測力有所不同。其中以偏差行為、不良交友、逃學曠課次數、動機延緩能力、偏差價值觀和自我概念等變項，對所有少年之偏差及犯罪行為最具預測力。
本研究依結論、研究限制，據以提出有效防制少年犯罪的對策，供有關當局研擬犯罪預防計畫之參考。

英文摘要:

The present study has two purposes. First, to explore the interaction effects among psychology traits, family environment, peer relationships and school experiences on juvenile delinquent behavior. Second, to compare the interaction effects between general juvenile and juvenile delinquents.
1186 general juvenile students from 9th grade to 12th grade and 410 juvenile delinquents were recruited. The “Juvenile Life-Condition Scale” developed by the researcher was used to evaluate the life style of juvenile samples in this study. The main findings were as follows：
First, there were significant differences between general juvenile and juvenile delinquents in psychology traits, family environment, peer relationships and school experiences. The main differences indicated on the subtests of stimulus pursuing tendency, delay motivation, out-control tendency, self-conception, self-control, emotional state, emotional release, deviant thought, socioeconomic status, delinquent relatives, deviant friends, school performances, and school attendance. The scores of general juvenile were higher than those of juvenile delinquents.
Besides, there were also significant differences between general juvenile and juvenile delinquents in self-reported deviant behavior, self-reported property crime, self-reported violent crime, and self-reported drug abuse. The scores of general juvenile were higher than those of juvenile delinquents.
Second, there were interaction effects among psychology traits, family environment, peer relationships and school experiences on juvenile delinquent behavior (include general juvenile and juvenile delinquents). The interaction effects on delinquent behavior between general juvenile and juvenile delinquents were difference. It was found that juvenile delinquency don’t result from single factor, but from the multiple effects of many factors.
Third, the prediction were different between general juvenile and juvenile delinquent in psychology traits, family environment, peer relationships and school experiences on juvenile delinquent behavior. In particular, strong explanatory power was founded in the variables of deviant behavior, deviant friends, school attendance, emotional release, deviant thought and self-conception on juvenile delinquent behaviors.
According to the results and the limitation in this study, some suggestions for the effective strategies to prevent juvenile delinquency and future studies were discussed in conclusion.

資料來源: https://hdl.handle.net/11296/25fyg4