中文摘要：

少年生活經驗對偏差行為的影響涉及「少年」、「生活經驗」、「偏差行為」等多個概念，為少年司法研究的重要內容。研究少年偏差行為的影響機制對少年犯罪預防、教育矯正具有重要的推動作用。本研究以高中生、高職生為研究對象，從其生活經驗的角度探究其偏差行為產生的原因。研究將「生活經驗」分為「家庭經驗」、「學校經驗」、「社區經驗」及「同儕經驗」；將「偏差行為」限定為「虞犯行為」與「曝險行為」。「虞犯行為」係指《少年事件處理法》2019年6月19日修正前的7種虞犯行為的前4種虞犯行為及與之社會危險性相當的行為；「曝險行為」係指《少年事件處理法》2019年6月19日修正後的3類曝險行為及與之社會危險性相當的行為。
借助描述性統計、差異性分析、相關性分析等實證分析手段，研究發現：少年的家庭經驗、學校經驗、社區經驗及同儕經驗均對少年的偏差行為具有顯著影響，其中少年同儕經驗對少年偏差行為的影響最明顯，其次為學校經驗、家庭經驗與社區經驗。通过系统研究，得出如下结论：
一、在家庭经验部分，家庭經驗能增加少年虞犯行為與偏差行為的解釋力（0.8%和0.7%），具有顯著性。家庭經驗越負面，少年越容易出現偏差行為，其中獨生子女、父母分居、少年與父母親關係融洽程度對少年偏差行為有顯著影響。
二、在學校經驗部分，學校經驗能增加少年虞犯行為、曝險行為及偏差行為的解釋力（1.7%、0.7%和1.9%），具有顯著性。學校經驗越負面，少年越容易出現偏差行為，其中學校支持、校園安全、校園被害對少年偏差行為有顯著影響。
三、在社區經驗部分，社區經驗能增加少年虞犯行為、曝險行為及偏差行為的解釋力（0.8%、0.6%和0.8%），具有顯著性。社區經驗越負面，少年越容易出現偏差行為，其中，社區依附、鄰里關係、社區犯罪對少年偏差行為有顯著影響。
四、在同儕經驗部分，同儕經驗能增加少年虞犯行為、曝險行為及偏差行為的解釋力（4.8%、8.7%和5.9%），具有顯著性。其中，有無同儕團體、一般同儕、虞犯同儕及曝險同儕對少年偏差行為有顯著影響。
基於上述研究結論及少年司法運行的現實狀況，研究從家庭、學校、社區及同儕層面給出少年偏差行為的防治建議：
一、在少年家庭經驗層面。第一，應當關注少年家庭結構的和睦，避免少年因父母關係不睦而存在監護忽視的問題；第二，強化親職教育，積極干預危機家庭，以期家庭功能的恢復；第三，關注女性監護、管護人與少年的關係，通過良好親子關係的構建實現預防少年偏差行為的目的。
二、在少年學校經驗層面。第一，優化學校課程設置，增強教師職業道德與教學技能教育，全方位提升學校支持，營造良好的教育環境。第二，加強學校安全建設，淨化校園周邊環境，避免少年在學校內與學校外的被害。第三，加強學生思想道德和品行教育，尊重、愛護及友好他人，杜絕校園霸凌事件的發生。
三、在少年社區經驗層面。第一，促進社區多元發展，營造溫馨、自然與和諧的社區環境，提升少年對社會的依附感。第二，舉辦豐富多彩的社區活動，加強社區成員的溝通、增進彼此連結，構建守望相助的和諧鄰里關係。第三，打擊社區犯罪，維護社區安全。
四、在少年同儕經驗層面。第一，積極引導少年的交際理念，避免結交具有不良嗜好、虞犯行為、曝險行為的少年，拒絕加入偏差同儕團伙。第二，關注少年與同儕的活動頻率。第三，參與、監督及引導少年的同儕活動。

關鍵字：少年；生活經驗；虞犯行為；曝險行為；偏差行為

英文摘要：

The influence of juveniles life experience on deviant behavior involves many concepts such as "juvenile", "life experience" and "deviant behavior", which is an important part of juvenile justice research. The research on the influence mechanism of juveniles deviant behavior plays an important role in the prevention and education of juvenile delinquency. This study takes high school students and higher vocational students as the research objects, and explores the causes of their deviant behaviors from the perspective of their life experience. The study divides "life experience" into "family experience", "school experience", "community experience" and "peer experience", and defines "deviant behavior" as "potential offender behavior" and "risk exposure behavior". "Potential offender behavior" refers to the first four kinds of potential offender behavior and the behavior with social risk equivalent before the amendment of the juvenile incident handling law on June 19, 2019; "risk exposure behavior" refers to the three types of risk exposure behavior and the behavior equivalent to social risk after the amendment of the juvenile incident handling law on June 19, 2019.
With the help of descriptive statistics, difference analysis, correlation analysis and other empirical analysis methods, the study found that: Adolescents' family experience, school experience, community experience and peer experience have a significant impact on adolescent deviant behavior, among which peer experience has the most obvious impact on adolescent deviant behavior, followed by school experience, family experience and community experience. Through systematic research, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. In the part of family experience, family experience can increase the explanatory power of juvenile delinquent behavior and deviant behavior (0.8% and 0.7%). The more negative the family experience is, the more likely adolescents are to have deviant behaviors. Among them, the only child, the separation of parents and the harmonious relationship between adolescents and their parents have significant effects on the deviant behaviors of adolescents.
2. In the part of school experience, school experience can increase the explanatory power (1.7%, 0.7% and 1.9%) of juvenile delinquency behavior, exposure behavior and deviant behavior. The more negative school experience is, the more likely adolescents are to have deviant behaviors. School support, campus safety and campus victimization have significant effects on adolescent deviant behavior.
3. In the part of community experience, community experience can increase the explanatory power (0.8%, 0.6% and 0.8%) of juvenile delinquency behavior, exposure behavior and deviant behavior. The more negative the community experience is, the more likely adolescents are to have deviant behaviors. Among them, community attachment, neighborhood relationship and community crime have significant effects on juvenile deviant behavior.
4. In the peer experience part, peer experience can increase the explanatory power (4.8%, 8.7% and 5.9%) of juvenile potential offender behavior, exposure behavior and deviant behavior. Among them, the presence or absence of peer groups, general peers, potential offender peers and exposure peers have significant influence on juvenile deviant behavior.
Based on the above research conclusions and the actual situation of juvenile justice operation, this paper puts forward the prevention and control suggestions of juvenile deviant behavior from family, school, community and peer level.
1. At the level of juvenile family experience. Firstly, we should pay attention to the harmony of the family structure of teenagers and avoid the neglect of guardianship due to the bad relationship between parents; secondly, strengthen parental education and actively intervene in crisis families in order to recover the family function; thirdly, pay attention to the relationship between female guardians, guardians and adolescents, and achieve the purpose of preventing juvenile deviant behavior through the construction of good parent-child relationship.
2. At the junior school experience level. First, optimize school curriculum, enhance teachers' professional ethics and teaching skills education, enhance school support in an all-round way, and create a good education environment. Secondly, we should strengthen the construction of school safety, purify the surrounding environment of campus, and avoid the harm of teenagers inside and outside the school. Third, strengthen the ideological and moral education of students, respect, love and friendly others, and put an end to campus bullying.
3. At the level of youth community experience. First, we should promote the diversified development of the community, create a warm, natural and harmonious community environment, and enhance the sense of attachment of teenagers to society. Second, organize colorful community activities to strengthen the communication among community members, enhance mutual connection, and build a harmonious neighborhood relationship of mutual help. Third, crack down on community crime and maintain community security.
4. At the level of young peer experience. First, we should actively guide the youth's communication concept, avoid making friends with young people who have bad habits, potential criminal behaviors and risk exposure behaviors, and refuse to join the deviant peer groups. Second, the frequency of peer-to-peer attention. Third, participate in, supervise and guide the peer activities of young people.

Key words: juvenile; life experience; potential offender behavior; exposure behavior; deviant behavior

文章連結：

https://hdl.handle.net/11296/4aq724

資料來源：

臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統