中文摘要

一、研究緣起 本研究追蹤了許春金等於86~88年在台北縣某城鎮地區建檔的青少年，以瞭解其十年來犯罪及交通違規或事故的情形，並探求影響其中止犯罪之主要因素。 二、研究方法及過程 經過官方資料的整理後共追蹤817名11年前蒐集的犯罪組與一般組的樣本，且從中抽取訪談成功9名的持續犯與5名終止犯。量化分析的結果將這817名分為無犯罪紀錄、偶發犯、終止犯與持續犯四組，分析比較其犯罪次數、犯罪類型以及時距。本研究也應用了11年前所蒐集的量化問卷量表，分析早期的家庭、個人特徵、生活事件、偏差行為等對犯罪生涯的影響。 三、主要發現 量化研究發現：在控制理論的社會控制與低自我控制面向對犯罪生涯的影響，大致與過去的研究結果符合。有薄弱社會控制的少年，有較高的偏差行為傾向，也有較久的犯罪生涯。低自我控制影響個人在於生活的壓力事件較多、多遊樂型休閒以及較多偏差與犯罪行為。本研究也發現問題行為與犯罪行為間有高度正相關。量化分析建立出持續犯罪理論的模式，而質性訪談則探討終止犯罪的機制。質性訪談分析的結果認為終止犯罪是個人決意與外在有利環境交互作用下的緩慢過程，而女性與男性終止犯罪的因素與機制也有所區別。不論是質化與量化的資料均顯示：毒品使用與不良的同儕是導致持續犯罪的重要因素。而終止犯罪的決定則與個人在矯治機構的經驗、切斷不良友伴回歸家庭以及重大生命事件等有很大的關係。 四、建議 根據研究的發現提出結論與警察防治少年犯罪實務上的建議如次： （一）立即可行建議 1、呼籲提倡家庭在預防青少年犯罪的關鍵角色 2、警察發揮第一線轉介危機家庭的功能有助於減少青少年犯罪 3、早期預防的方式應分年齡實施 4、警察偵處少年事件時應注意程序與執勤技巧，減少少年仇視司法體制偏見 5、投入資源瞭解青少年施用毒品與犯罪生涯的關係 6、建構青少年施用毒品專門理論與對策 7、鼓勵大眾給予少年正向支持與提供更多正向聯繫 （二）中長期建議 1、早期預防資源重新配置、強調兒童及少年前期防治 2、在處理兒童少年虞犯事件時每一個階段均可以考慮結合社會資源，增進與家庭的聯繫與溝通技巧 3、少年犯罪防治應深耕到國小且重視國小到國中的銜接機制 4、針對兒童與少年高關懷團體應有不同的方案策略與分齡實施 5、對少年偏差與犯罪審慎使用刑罰威嚇手段並提升程序正義 6、避免機構處遇對少年帶來的負面影響 7、少年犯罪防治應根據個別少年潛在的犯罪因子 8、警察少年防治對策應多元化、結合資源、多管道、且較長遠規劃 9、發展專業的少年濫用藥物處遇模式 

English Abstract

This research tracks the criminal, traffic violation and accident records of the young people filed during 1997~1998 by Dr. Chung Jim Sheu. We collected the official records of 817 original samples. Among these samples, we successfully located and interviewed 9 persistent and 5 desistant offenders. Through quantitative analysis, we divided our sample into crime-free groups, occasional offenders (adolescence limited), desistant, and persistent offenders. We compare the four groups with their offence frequencies, typologies and crime career periods. We also applied the result of questionnaires collected 11 years ago to see the predictive effect of early family characteristics, personal characteristics, life events, and deviant behaviors to their later crime career. The quantitative part of analysis in this study confirms both the significance of social control and low self control. Young people who have lower social control appear to have higher deviant behaviors and longer crime careers. The effect of hedonism is found on more life pressure events, more amusement pastime, and more deviant and criminal behaviors. Problem behaviors such as traffic violations and traffic accidents are highly related to criminal behaviors. The quantitative analysis builds a model of the persistence of crime. However, it is the role of qualitative study to explore the mechanism of desisting crime. It is found in our 14 interviews that the process of desisting crime tends to be a slow process in which personal choices and supporting environment interacts. However, we have observed some gender differences on desisting crime. Both quantitative and qualitative data shows that drug abuse and deviant friends are the two major factors contributing to persisting in crime career. However, the decisions made by individuals to stop crime career have been influenced by their experience in correction facilities, cutting off deviant friends, returning to family and significant life events. According to our research findings, some suggestions on preventing juvenile delinquency are proposed to the police. We divide the suggestions into short-term and middle/long term ones: Short-term suggestions: 1. The government should promote the idea that family plays a crucial role in preventing juvenile delinquency. 2. The police can bridge the need of the risk family and the supply of various social resources. In the longer term, the police as a front line agency referring high-risk family will reduce juvenile delinquency. 3. There is a need to develop different prevention strategy according to different age groups. Early prevention projects should be employed according to the age of children and youngsters. 4. Third, this study also points that there is a need to improve the procedural justice in juvenile judicial process. 5. More knowledge is needed to understand the relationship between drug abuse and criminal career. We need a theory on constituting the phenomenon of juvenile drug abuse. 6. Finally, it is important for the police to encourage the public to offer more positive support and benign contact to the deviant young people. Middle/long term suggestions: 1. It is important to redistribute the crime prevention resources to early prevention from childhood throughout youth development. 2. The police should consider making more contact and communication with the caretakers of juvenile dealt with. The police should coordinate and cooperate with other institutes and organizations in order to improve the relationship between young people and their family members. 3. It is found that there is a gap of service when children leave elementary schools and enter high schools. It is therefore recommended that the police should not only stress more on the prevention of children in elementary schools but also manage the cases through their graduation from elementary school to high school. 4. The prevention strategy to the high risk groups should also adjust according to their age and environment encountered. 5. Legal deterrence should be used with caution, meaning that it might have very different effect on young people. However, it is found that most young offenders have negative impression or prejudice to criminal justice systems. We need to be more cautious employing penalty to deter juvenile delinquency without sacrifice procedural justice. 6. The possible negative effect of corrective institutions should be considered and diminished if possible. Some youth offenders might commit more crimes to avoid being arrested and entering the facilities. It is also a main challenge for the facilities to reduce negative contact and bad influence through life in youth facilities. 7. We suggest that the police strategy on preventing youth crime should base on risk classification of individual youngster. 8. Police strategy should also stress multi-channel and multi-approach, combining different resources and long-term oriented. 9. Last but by no means the least, it is suggested that the problem of drug abuse among young people deserves more attention than it used to attract. More resources should be devoted to understand the relationship between drug abuse and crime career among young people. In addition, there is a great need to develop a more professional and evidence-based drug treatment model for young abusers. 

資料來源：https://goo.gl/mXM2tg