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桃竹苗地區少年對使用非法藥物認知與態度、及其家庭危險與保護因子之性別差異研究 Gender Differences Among Cognition and Attitudes for Illicit Drugs Use, and Family Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescents in Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli Region

  • 發布日期:
  • 最後更新日期:109-05-13
  • 資料點閱次數:1610

中文摘要

 

自上個世紀九零年代起為發展藥物濫用的預防策略,興起對藥物使用的危險與保護因子的研究。雖然西方社會對少年使用非法藥物的危險與保護因子的研究有所成,然而基於藥物濫用行為深受其社會與區域特性的影響,因此在發展區域性的少年使用非法藥物之預防策略,迫切需要針對該區域的少年所知覺到的危險與保護因子加以系統性的探究。本研究目的首先在探究桃竹苗地區男女少年對非法藥物使用的認知與態度之差異;其次,在探究本地區男女少年對使用非法藥物之家庭危險與保護因子之差異,就其研究結果提供建構區域內適合男女少年使用非法藥物預防策略之依據。 本研究將首先廣泛蒐集相關男女少年使用非法藥物認知與態度、及其家庭危險與保護因子之研究文獻加以整合性分析。其次,將以桃竹苗地區13-15歲男女國中生為母群選取樣本進行實徵研究:研究者將根據文獻分析與現有的問卷與量表,編製少年非法藥物使用認知與態度問卷與少年使用非法藥物家庭危險與保護因子量表初稿,就新竹地區男女國中生立意取樣各10名為對象,瞭解他們對研究問卷與量表的可讀性與作答時間,原則上將控制作答整份問卷與量表的時間在50分鐘以內;然後為求多變項分析的穩定性,就本研究相關問卷與量表對國中一年級男女生各150名,合計300名加以預試,以建構其信效度。 本研究於桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市、苗栗縣等四縣市抽取約1500位國中生(男性750位、女性750位)之作為調查對象,將桃竹苗地區依山線與海線、都會與鄉鎮,然後每區隨機選取3所國中,再分年級以班級為單位抽取一班,由研究助理偕同導師施測。另外,針對收容在此區域的桃園輔育院、楊梅秀才國中慈暉班、新竹縣的誠正中學等機構收容的行為異常的少年500名。本研究於桃竹苗地區國中共施測1500份問卷,男性有效問卷共741份、女性有效問卷共677份。針對收容在此區域的收容機構問卷施測共500份,男性有效問卷167份、女性有效問卷24份。合計共收回2000份問卷,有效問卷共1609份、無效問卷391份,有效問卷回收率為80.45%。 本研究發現男少年顯著比女少年有較高的使用香菸、酒精與檳榔的盛行率。其次,不分男女少年,用藥組在香菸、酒、檳榔等合法物質的施用比例皆遠大於未用藥組。少年在「曾經使用」非法藥物的盛行率:一般國中生為0.5%、矯治少年為33.5%。非法藥物使用以俱樂部用藥為主,而以K他命的比例最高(85.1%),其次依序是安非他命(67.2%)、一粒眠(44.8%)、大麻(34.3%)、笑氣(32.8%)、搖頭丸(26.3%)、FM2(23.9%)、喵喵(20.9%)、海洛因(14.9%) 1. 用藥組顯然比未用藥組對於非法藥物抱持較開放的態度與認知,且他們有較強的衝動性與負向情感、較多的偏差行為、較高的藥癮得分。相對之,未用藥少年卻比用藥組少年有較高的自重感、正向情感。 2. 重要他人對少年物質使用行為有顯著之影響,由於父母是少年社會化過程中最重要的楷模,因此父母的物質使用將是少年學習使用物質的主要對象,而且物質使用的父母對其子女的物質使用也抱持較為寬容的態度;用藥少年之同儕使用非法藥物的比例(92.9%),顯著高於未用藥少年之同儕使用藥物比例(8%)。 3. 在與父母相處時,用藥少年比非用藥少年有比較多的衝突,同時用藥少年知覺到父母親的教養也較為消極,顯然親子衝突是促發子女用藥的危險因子,其中以兒子與父親之間的衝突為然。換句話說,親子間的關係愈為積極,亦是預防少年施用非法藥物的保護因子。 4. 用藥少年有將近80%可在半天之內取得非法藥物,值得關注的是用藥少年藥物主要來源約有90%是藉由同儕朋友取得,甚至在藥局(6%)、網路(9%)及公共場所(20.9%)也可購買到相關藥物,在用藥少年取得非法藥物的易得性是令人憂心的。

 

English Abstract

 

Background: Prevention of substance use for adolescent has been effected to the likelihood of substance abuse in their adulthood. To identify those risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use are the critical elements in building an effective prevention program for adolescent substance use with school-based, especially in the parenthood education for substance use. However, very few empirical study have been conducted for investigating the cognition and attitude for illicit drug use, and those family risk and protective factors in illicit drug use for adolescent in Taiwan. Purpose: The primary purpose is to investigate the gender differences in the cognition and attitudes toward illicit drugs use and the family risk and protective factors for adolescent illicit drug use in Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli Region. Then how the family risk and protective factors for adolescent illicit drug use implicate in the prevention of substances use for adolescence education practice will also be reviewed. Method: Literature is relevant with cognition and attitudes toward illicit drugs use, and family risk and protective factors for illicit drugs use will be collected and reviewed. Those data of cognition and attitudes toward illicit drugs use, and family risk and protective factors for illicit drugs use will also be collected from those junior high school students whose age are from 13-15 (the sample will include 650 males and 650 females) in Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Miaoli Region. The same data for 500 special needs juveniles who are in Taoyuan Reform School, Agency of Correction, Tangmei Junior High School (special needs classes), Chuen-cheng High school, Juvenile Home in Hsinchu Region and Miaoli Jianguo Junior High School (special needs class). Totally 1920 subjects will recruit in this study. The questionnaire of cognition and attitudes toward illicit drug use, the scale of family risk and protective factors for adolescent illicit drug use will be conducted, and their reliability and validity of will be established in first stage of this study. All of subjects will be administered in group with the questionnaire of cognition and attitudes toward illicit drug use, and the scale of family risk and protective factors for adolescent illicit drug use. In the data processing, all the scales and inventories results will be recoding into the SPSS data format, and be analyzed with the SPSS v17.0 statistical software.

 

資料來源:https://goo.gl/tuzvVA

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