中文摘要

在社會科學領域的研究中，自尊一直被認為是少年偏差行為的一個重要相關因素；尤其，大多數的理論或研究則是將焦點放在低自尊與少年偏差行為之關係。而許多的少年犯罪或偏差行為的預防及介入方案，其設計基礎是藉由少年自尊及自我信心的增強，以預防或降低少年參與偏差行為之程度及可能性。由此，可見低自尊與少年偏差行為之密切關係。然而，從接觸許多偏差少年的經驗中，發現高自尊少年也會有參與偏差行為、暴力行為或犯罪行為之情形，這樣的觀察促使本研究反思「自尊是偏差行為的保護因子」的可信度。因此，本研究試圖探究以下議題：（一）高自尊少年與低自尊少年參與偏差行為的原因（機制）是否有所差異；（二）對高自尊少年與低自尊少年而言，參與偏差行為的機制是否會有性別差異。藉由文獻蒐集與分析，以及使用中研院社會學研究所之青少年長期追蹤調查資料--「台灣青少年計畫」，本研究使用國三樣本的兩波資料（樣本為國三及高三時之資料）來進行以上議題之探究。研究發現，高低自尊青少年參與偏差行為機制有部分之差異。在高低自尊青少年參與偏差行為之機制的性別差異部分，本研究也發現部分之差異。透過本研究之探討與分析，希冀彌補文獻上有關自尊與偏差行為之不足之處，同時讓學術界及實務界的人士，在關注低自尊少年的偏差問題與適應需求時，也能注意到高自尊少年的適應問題、偏差行為問題，而能有相關的方案或配套措施，以提供他們適時的協助。受限於次級資料的可利用變項，本研究仍有未解答之問題。若未來有其他可得的縱貫性資料庫，本研究期待未來能針對上述研究議題做更進一步之探究，以對自尊與偏差行為之關係獲得更多之瞭解。

English Abstract

In the field of social science, self-esteem has been considered as an important correlate of juvenile delinquency. Especially, most theories or studies focus on the relationships between low self-esteem and delinquent behaviors. However, from the experience of contacting delinquent juveniles, we find that some adolescents with high level of self-esteem also engage in delinquent or violent behaviors. Such observation encourages us to introspect the credibility of the argument ’self-esteem is a protective factor of juvenile delinquency.’ As a result, this current research attempts to investigate the following issues: (1) whether the mechanisms of committing delinquent behaviors are similar for high self-esteem and low self-esteem adolescents? (2) for both high self-esteem and low self-esteem adolescents, whether the mechanisms of committing delinquent behaviors differ by adolescent gender? Based on the groundwork of reviewing related literatures, this research adopts the longitudinal survey data, ’Taiwan Youth Project’ (TYP) hosted by the Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica to examine the issues aforementioned. The sample of the original ninth graders in the first wave (J3 cohort) is adopted. The data in Wave 1 (ninth grade) and Wave 4 (twelfth grade) are analyzed. The results show there are some diffferences in the mechanisms that high self-esteem and low self-esteem adolescents commit deliqnuenct behaviors. For both high self-esteem and low self-esteem adolescents, the mechanisms of commiting deliqnuent bahaviors also show some gender differences. From the investigation and analyses, this research intends to fill the void of the literature on self-esteem and juvenile delinquency. Furthermore, this research hope to attract the scholars and practitioners to pay close attention to the adjustment problems and delinquent behaviors of high self-esteem adolescents, while they are fully focusing on problems and needs of adolescents with low self-esteem. Due to the limitation of available variables in the secondary data, this study still has some questions unanswered. If other longitudinal data sets are available in the future, we are very willing to further investigate the aforementioned research issues and get more understanding about the relationships between self-esteem and delinquency. 

資料來源：https://goo.gl/NMZQqX