中文摘要

一、研究緣起 幫派犯罪是一項嚴重的社會問題，而青少年參與幫派的問題，也一直是社會各界所重視的社會問題。幫派在校園內活動，嚴重干擾教育實施，學校本是從事教育的社會化機構，單純校園中自從幫派的入侵後，使得學生受到幫派不良影響。當在校園中招收新血，從事暴力、吸毒或販毒的犯行，而一般的學生則成為無辜的受害者，受到幫派學生的恐嚇與暴力侵害，甚至造成學生對幫派認同。這些校園中不正常現象的形成與解決，亟需社會全體對此問題作全面性的瞭解，以期對症下藥，有效解決問題。 二、研究方法及過程 本研究為瞭解校園幫派的問題，首先，先蒐集國內外相關研究文獻，再予閱讀歸納分析，整理出相關的重要理論與研究發現，並從文獻中萃取出研究所需的重要變項，再參考過去相關研究之工具，再根據本研究之需求，制定本研究的調查問卷。 在問卷調查的實施部分，本研究抽樣選取採分層隨機抽樣，自台灣北部地區，包括：基隆市、台北市、台北縣、桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市等六縣市，依各縣市學生人口數，按比例分縣市隨機抽出二十二所學校，各縣市抽出的學校數為：基隆市（一個學校）、台北市（六個學校）、台北縣（九個學校）、桃園縣（四個學校）、新竹縣（一個學校）、新竹市（一個學校），並由每個學校三個年級中各隨機抽出一個班級施測，總計抽出二十二所國中的六十六個班級學生作為調查樣本。此外，並於台北少年觀護所、桃園少年輔育院與桃園地方法院少年法庭觀護人室，抽樣調查犯罪少年參與幫派情況。國中在學學生與犯罪少年樣本，總計回收有效樣本2634份。 此外，基於問卷設計上的限制，對於某些回答研究假設的問題並無法在問卷中詳列。為獲得更多詳細資料，本研究爰設計訪談矯正機構中的少年幫派份子十五名，以獲得更詳細而深入的訪談資料，藉以補充量化研究之不足之處。 三、重要發現 幫派的參與率國中男性樣本為7.6%，國中女性樣本為3.2%，男性犯罪少年為41.3%；少年加入幫派年齡以12至15歲最多；參加幫動機以結交朋友、玩樂居多數；入幫管道以從小與幫派份子玩在一起、校外朋友介紹、國中同學介紹為主；入幫者約有一半感到後悔。至於幫派情形，幫派少年所參加的幫派，超過一半是屬於大型的幫派，成員超過50名（63%）、8幫派有領導人（81%）；有明確幫規（66%）、與其他幫派合作生意（66%）；幫派活動充滿玩樂、偏差行為與犯罪行為。研究也發現幫派入侵校園的情況普遍，並且也在校園內活動，一些學生表示曾遭受幫派學生的侵害，有11%的學生表示擔心幫派的侵害。 就平均數的差異檢定，加入幫派組與未加入幫派組，在家庭功能、學校功能、居住環境、偏差朋友、偏差休閒、法律信念、低度自我控制、幫派認知、各類型偏差行為等變項，均達顯著差異。就相關統計分析，本研究所有的33個變項彼此之間有顯著相關存在。最後經過對數逐步復迴歸的分析，有七個變項對於參加幫派的影響達顯著水準，包括：偏差休閒、暴力偏差、幫派認知、偏差朋友、父親間接控制、附著學校、師生關係。 四、建議 分從近程、中程兩方面著手改善。近程方面包括：社政機關協助家庭結構與功能缺陷的家庭、社工人員參與學校處理學生偏差行為事件；學校提升對行為偏差學生的督導、協助、制定合宜課程、妥善處理學生中輟問題；刑事司法機關與學校合作提昇學生法治信念；警察機關落實幫派掃蕩勤務；矯正機關落實執行教化處遇。在中程方面，學校設置專任社工人員，協助學校處理學生偏差行為或犯罪事件；警察機關系統性建立國內幫派情資，有效掌控幫派發展脈動，防範幫派入侵校園吸收新血，避免危及教育機關。 

English Abstract

A Study on Resistance of Gangs Intrusion into Campuses Not only is gang a serious social problem in Taiwan, it is also a focus of criminology. Gang activities in schools have seriously influenced school teaching and administration, and caused a negative impact on students. When gangsters start violating the law by recruiting new bloods, selling drugs, etc. within campuses, students would become victims under such circumstances; some students would even begin to identify themselves with gangs and join these groups eventually. In order to solve this problem, it is crucial that we understand this phenomenon thoroughly. The purpose of this research is to explore how gangs intrude into campuses. Researchers？H？H first step is to collect and study various gang-related literatures, then design questionnaire and interview outline. This research uses a stratified random sampling method to draw 2159 junior high school students from 22 schools of 6 counties of northern Taiwan, and other 475 samples comes from juvenile correctional institutions, which adds up to 2634 juveniles samples in total. Researcher also interviewed 15 juvenile criminals, so as to understand why and how they join gangs. Through statistics analysis and samples interview, this research has the following conclusions: 1. The rate of gang involvement is 7.6% out of male junior high school boys, 3.2% of female junior high school, and 41.3% of male juvenile criminals. 2. More than half of those gangs that the juveniles involve are similar to organized crime. 3. The reasons why juveniles join gangs are that most of them played with gangsters from childhood and some were introduced to join gangs by schoolmates and friends out of school. About half of these juveniles regretted their actions after joining gangs. 4. Gang activities within campuses are intensive and some students have been victimized by gangsters. More than 11% of school students reported that they had a high degree of crime fear. 5. Statistics analysis reveals that many factors of two groups (gang group and non-gang group) are obviously different: family control, school attachment, family environment, delinquent friends, delinquent leisure activities, law belief, low self control, gang recognition and other types of delinquency. Also, all factors (33 factors) of this research have high degree relation of statistic analysis. By doing a stepwise logistic regression analysis, this research found that there are 7 factors which influence juveniles to join gangs: delinquent leisure activities, violent delinquent behavior, gang recognition, delinquent friends, indirect control of their father, school attachment and relationship between teachers and students. As a result, this research proposes the following recommendations for family, school, social work institutions and criminal justice system: 1. Short-term strategies: family should effectively raise control function, the government should help schools to employ professional social workers to deal with student delinquency and school gang problems, social work institutions should help the broken family and participate in dealing with school crime events; school should try its best to supervise delinquent students, revise curriculum and deal with drop-out student problems properly; law enforcement should help school teachers to teach students law courses, 2. Mid-term strategies: law enforcement units should establish gang activities information centers and enforce duties to wipe out gang activities to effectively prevent gangs intrude in school campuses, recruit new members and actively act on school grounds, correctional institutions should design more and better treatments for correcting juvenile criminals 

資料來源：https://goo.gl/8kQyKJ