按Enter到主內容區
:::

刑罰民粹主義對臺灣刑事政策的影響<P>The Impact of Penal Populism on Taiwan's Criminal Policy

  • 發布日期:
  • 最後更新日期:109-05-13
  • 資料點閱次數:1453
近年來,台灣社會因為媒體對犯罪事件的過度報導挑起民眾恐慌與憤怒的情緒,基於民意的呼求而推動法律增修的現象屢見不鮮。人民普遍不信任政府,對治安的感受建立在新聞媒體對犯罪事件的轉播之上,忽視專家學者的研究數據。這種社會特徵與英美等西方國家正面臨到的挑戰─刑罰民粹主義相同,本文的研究目標便是探究臺灣刑事政策是否已受刑罰民粹主義所影響,及其影響方式、具體結果為何。    民粹主義是一種菁英與普羅大眾間呈現緊張局勢的社會現象,指的是人民對於既有制度、菁英統治、傳統權力結構的挑戰。民粹運動通常由魅力型領袖領導,他走入群眾,直接訴諸人民的情感,藉此取得向體制挑戰的正當性。民粹主義不具特定的政策立場或意識形態,它可以跟任何立場結合,而民粹主義在刑罰領域之中的展現即是刑罰民粹主義。 1970年代後,英、美等因為國經濟發展與社會結構的改變,對犯罪的態度從矯正治療轉變為嚴格的社會控制,漸漸地,它們無力抵擋刑罰民粹主義的浪潮而朝向失控的嚴罰化。但是仍有些國家能藉由民主文化與社會結構來抗制刑罰民粹主義的力量。在不同民主模式與社會背景之下所產生的不同政治文化,影響了人民的感受,進而提供刑罰民粹主義發展的有利與不利因素。大體來說,共識型民主文化寬容、理性的風氣有利於抵抗刑罰民粹主義的失控,多數決民主文化則否。 刑罰民粹主義是否已經成為影響臺灣刑事政策變遷的動力之一?答案應為肯定。然而臺灣雖然受到刑罰民粹主義的影響,民意普遍呼求嚴罰,但是由於政治發展的歷史因素,臺灣並不存在政策導向的選舉模式,缺乏對政策進行理性思辨的傳統。因此人民雖然有可能會支持更加嚴格的刑事政策,但是政治人本身並不熱衷於以此種方式來進行競選,僅止於當媒體對特定案件的報導引發人民的高度關注時,才會表達其與人民站在同一陣線的立場,因而使得刑罰民粹主義的影響在臺灣尚未發展成一種失控的反應。

In recent years, Taiwan society often promotes legislative amendments because of public opinion. Because of excessive reports of mass media, people feel panic and angry. They do not trust the government, ignoring the data which experts and scholars research. These characteristics just like most Western countries ever met, and they call it “penal populism”. The objective of this paper is to consider whether the criminal policy of Taiwan has been affected by penal populism and how to do it. Populism is a political doctrine that appeals to the interests and conceptions (such as hopes and fears) of the general people, especially contrasting with the interests of the elite. Penal populism is populism in criminal justice. It feeds on expressions of anger, disenchantment and disillusionment of criminal justice. As with populism itself, penal populism usually takes the form of ‘feelings and intuitions’ rather than some more quantifiable indicator. Most Western countries have been challenged by penal populism, but still some countries have not. They resist penal populism through democratic culture and social structure. For example, consensus democracies help control public sentiment by good tradition cultural that are tolerance and rationality. As a result, the development of penal populism in consensus democracies is limited. Have penal populism affected criminal policy in Taiwan? The answer is yes, but it has not been out of control. As Taiwan's political history, electors in Taiwan do not care about politicians in favor of what policy. Therefore, although the people expect tougher punishment, penal populism only appears on particular criminal policy, and has not been become a runaway reaction.

資料來源:http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/37880322555013849706

回頁首