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刑事法上犯罪被害人權利保護之研究<P>The research of the protection of criminal victim''s right on criminal justice

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  • 最後更新日期:109-05-13
  • 資料點閱次數:666
犯罪行為,是人類社會始終存在的狀態之一,被害人在刑事司法之角色地位,以及其對犯罪之處分權,亦隨時代演進不斷更迭。自現代國家掌控刑事司法制度並確立了刑事紛爭解決的模式後,犯罪被害人即被排除在刑事司法制度外,犯罪學及刑事法學的研究上,均是以犯罪者或被告為研究核心,傳統刑事司法的重心偏重於對被告人權的重視,而忽視被害人之權利以及損害回復之需求。但是回歸原點,被告與犯罪被害人才是刑事事件的當事人,刑事司法制度中若無法聆聽當事人的聲音、無法平衡考量當事人的需求,犯罪被害人受到的傷害將無法平復,對被告的懲罰也不具社會意義。因此本文針對現代刑法犯罪被害人在刑事法上之權利進行研究,分析比較各國法制之優劣得失,以作為我國之立法參考。 現代各國在刑事司法程序中,以透過加害人與被害人和解、加害人對被害人賠償之形式,使「行為人對被害人損害之回復」事實上影響到刑罰權之發動及行使,基於此一國際趨勢,本文亦論及「損害回復制度」的發展情形,為確保被害人之實益,使被害人享有訴訟程序式的參與權,本文主張以「行為人與被害人之和解」作為解決紛爭的手段,限制國家刑罰權的發動,提出在刑事司法體系中建立損害回復制度的建議。 最後,並就被害人在訴訟程序中及犯罪事件後之補償措施加以討論,針對其在運作上,因受限於補償實務機關的心態,以及對補償制度的性質、目的及弁鄍摩鉒u正掌握,使被害人保護法所能發揮之保護被害人的效果極為有限,對於犯罪被害人保護法的運作缺失,本文亦一併提出加以檢討。

In Taiwan, the law science researchers have been ignoring how to protect the criminal victim’s right. Taking this into consideration, this article points out the drawback of criminal victim’s prosecution status and rights in our country by comparing with the criminal victim’s status and right in the other country and brings out that we should provide reasonable right and status to our victims in criminal prosecution —prosecution subject and prosecuting right concerned to emphasize the balance of victim’s right and defendant’s right. Under the limited judicial resources and increasing criminal cases and the lack of the ability to resolve the criminal problems of the punishment based on retribution , a series of special criminal procedures come into being, such as plea bargaining and criminal mediation. The criminal mediation refers that, in the criminal case, through the process of face-to-face contact between the offender and the victim ,the aim is to promote the communication and exchange of two parts, and to determine the solution of the crime. By taking restorative justice as core, the value structure of victim-offender mediation consists of just value and efficiency value. Survey of the victim-offender mediation system in Germany gives important reference for construction of victim-offender mediation system in Taiwan. Based on the view of the protection of victim, this article suggests that the mediation system from the Restorative Justices should be ruled on the “Summary Procedure”and “Mediation Mechanism”under the criminal judicial system in Taiwan.

資料來源:http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/31417086945780969415

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