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論犯罪被害人之刑事訴訟權能-從犯罪被害人保護觀點談起<P>The Study of the Criminal Procedure Right of Criminal Victims -In the View of Protection of Criminal Victims

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  • 最後更新日期:109-05-13
  • 資料點閱次數:647
我國刑事訴訟法向來關注之方向,均在於刑事被告訴訟權利的保障及國家機關權力之限制,反觀犯罪事件之一方,被害人,卻在整個刑事訴訟程序中作為弱勢之一方。除了犯罪被害人提起自訴,作為刑事訴訟之當事人外,在刑事訴訟之告訴制度及其他相關法令上,針對犯罪被害人之保障,相對薄弱。在各國致力於犯罪被害人之保護觀點之同時,我國亦應加緊腳步,在刑事訴訟程序上重新檢視犯罪被害人在訴訟過程中應有之權利,並加以規定,以避免被告與被害人間之天平失去平衡。 觀諸第二章,其係在瞭解犯罪被害人從古至今之地位變遷,犯罪被害人地位之弱化及檢察官制度之發展,導致於刑事訴訟制度上對犯罪被害人的漠視,後經過犯罪學、憲法學及修復式司法之提出,重新為犯罪被害人尋找出路。關於第三章,介紹了聯合國之犯罪被害人保護宣言、美國法上犯罪被害人保護措施、德國法上犯罪被害人保護措施及日本法上犯罪被害人保護措施,以便認識各國對犯罪被害人保護之努力,及作為我國之借鏡。 關於第四章,則是在重新檢視我國現有規定對犯罪被害人保護之不足,不僅是刑事訴訟法本身,包括了犯罪被害人保護法、家庭暴力防治法、性侵害犯罪防治法及證人保護法之相關規定,在在顯示刑事訴訟程序中對於犯罪被害人保護之不足,即便法務部在實務運作上之努力,仍不及於在現有規範上增加相關權利保護來的實際。 第五章部分則是對於我國刑事訴訟程序中設計相關權利以落實犯罪被害人之保護,除了犯罪被害人概念擴張外,在偵查程序中,被害人擁有聲請迴避權、保持接觸權、處分參與權、在審判程序中,被害人之詰問權、異議權,不公開審判之聲請權等,而由於給予犯罪被害人訴訟權利,不免與檢察官之當事人地位有所衝突,在設計上亦應同等考量被害人與檢察官間之平衡。也因此在上訴程序中,亦得在給予被害人上訴聲請權外,加以具體上訴理由之限制,以避免濫行上訴之疑慮發生。此外在簡易程序中亦得引進英美法上修復式司法的概念,賦予被害人與加害人和解之機會,在確保國家刑罰權之目的下,同時符合被害人之被害情感之要求。 犯罪被害人之保護不應僅是口號,而是應具體落實於法令規定,特別是在刑事訴訟法如此重要的程序規定中以平衡刑事被告日漸增加之權利與被害人漠視已久之訴訟權利。

The study examines current enactment with regard to researching the criminal procedure rights of the criminal victims, and introduces the theories of criminal victims’ protection, including the Victimology, the human right of the constitution and the Restorative Justice. These theories support the foundation of the criminal victims’ protection, and ask more rules about the protection of the criminal victims in current criminal procedure rule. In particular, this thesis attempts to propose a further rule for the criminal procedure rights of the criminal victims. Although there are many international scholarly discussions on this particular issue, the current law still remains silent. This paper introduces the comparative study on the legal system of United States, Germany, and Japan, related to the criminal procedure rights of the criminal victims. Through the comparative research, compared with the code of criminal procedure in Taiwan, the legal system of United States, Germany, and Japan already focus on the victims’ procedure rights. Because of the lack of the victims’ protection, the thesis suggests revising and augment more rules which gives the victims some rights on the disqualification of the prosecutor, documents service, assistant of agent, perpetuation of evidence, the joint to the ‘Not to procecuted’ and ‘Deferred Prosecution’ decision, and the joint to the ‘Apply for Reconsideration of the Ruling’ and the ‘Setting for Trail’ investigation proceeding. Furthermore, on the judiciary proceeding, the victim has more rights to apply the secret trail, cross-examination to the defendant, objection against the question of the defendant when the victim was a witness, etc. In particular, the Victim-Offender Mediation from the Restorative Justice should be ruled on the ‘Summary Procedure’ and ‘Mediation Mechanism’.

資料來源:http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/39988904064023598678

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