中文摘要

有鑑於國內對於女性犯罪原因與矯治處遇相關課題之研究較少，在犯罪矯治相關處遇上，如：女性在監之適應問題、職業訓練、健康照護與攜子入監執行等相關議題未受重視；乃由法務部委託中央警察大學犯罪防治學系執行此項研究，期能達下列研究目的：（1）瞭解我國女性犯罪類型分布、犯罪成因及犯罪者特性。（2）蒐集相關矯治處遇政策與實務資料，以瞭解政策執行現況與面臨問題；（3）蒐集相關文獻以瞭解各國推行女性犯罪人矯治處遇政策內涵與成效；（4）以實證研究方法進行客觀分析，以瞭解問題現況與未來應因應策略；（5）根據研究結果提出相關處遇建議。 為達成上述目的，本研究從五種不同的途徑著手：（1）蒐集文獻與網路資料；（2）分析2000～2009年法務部資訊系統中女性受刑人官方資料；（3）對13位在監執行女性犯罪人實施深度訪談；（4）完成883位於十三個女子矯正機構接受處遇之受刑人問卷調查；（5）邀請13位專家、受刑人家屬參與焦點團體座談。 研究結果顯示，女性犯罪主要原因為：家庭功能不健全、弱學校依附與偏差、接觸偏差或犯罪朋友、不穩定婚姻關係、經濟弱勢、有偏差休閒或嗜好、受重大生命事件影響、因毒品衍生犯罪與再犯。在犯罪趨勢方面，2000～2009年間女性因犯罪而被判刑者有緩緩上升趨勢，主要犯罪類型集中於竊盜、詐欺、毒品、賭博與違安駕駛等，約佔69.19％。在處遇方面，各國女性受刑人平均年齡大約是30歲以上，其人數均顯著低於男性（大都佔10％以下）；除成立獨立女子矯正機構外，尚將女性受刑人收容於附設於男性矯正機構，處遇時強調女性與母親特性設計之相關措施，尤其是親職教育與被害經驗的輔導方案格外受到重視；大部份女子矯正機構提供攜子入監婦女及其子女的醫療和照護，透過教化處遇、作業、技訓提升女性受刑人自我效能與復歸社會能力。而影響女性心理、生理和行為等在監適應的主要因素雖有不同，但以被害經驗、低自我控制、生活壓力、監禁人際壓力、社會依附關係之影響力最為顯著；在監適應、憂鬱傾向、生理適應，越差的女性受刑人其在監的教化、醫療處遇需求與對更生問題的擔心及需協助的程度也越高。研究中亦對女性處遇現況、壓力與支持、適應與需求等進行現象分析；最後則根據研究結果，就處遇政策、新收入監、矯正處遇、中間性處遇和為來研究等提出建議。

English Abstract

Studies in criminology and correction have paid less attention to the causes of female crime and treatment for female inmate in Taiwan. The current research attempt to reach the following purposes: (1) to understand the distribution of female types of crime, crime causes and characteristics of the offender. (2) to gather relevant treatment at the case of policy and practice information to understand the policy of the status of implementation and the problems faced; (3) to collect relevant literature to understand the countries to implement female offender treatment at the case of policy content and effect; (4) to understand the current status and future problems coping strategies based on empirical research methods an objective analysis; (5) to provide suggestions based on the empirical findings. To achieve research objectives, this study started from five different ways: (1) collected documents and Web data related to female crime and correction; (2) analyzed official data from Ministry of Justice between 2000 to 2009; (3) interviewed 13 female offenders in prison; (4) completed survey of 883 inmates from thirteen women's correctional institutions; (5) invited 13 experts participating in focus group and discussing problems related female correction and adaptation in prison. The results showed that the main reasons for women committing crime are the family dysfunctional, weak school attachment, with deviant or criminal friends, unstable marital relationship, economically disadvantaged, negative life events, and using illegal drug. Trends in women crime rise slowly from 2000 to 2009. Major types of female crime focus on theft, fraud, drugs, gambling and other illegal driving safety, accounting for 69.19%. The average age of female inmates is about 30. Most countries set up independent woman correctional institutions. Parenting education and counseling program for female victims are emphasized. Enlightenment, operations, technology and training can enhance female inmate’s self-efficacy and social competence. Experiences of victimization, low self-control, life stress, interpersonal stress imprisonment, social attachment have significant effects on female inmates’ adaptation in prison. Suggestions based on empirical findings are discussed. 

資料來源：https://goo.gl/LHZZB4