中文摘要

就我國刑法規定為觀察，在大多數財產犯罪類型的主觀犯罪構成要件上，係以「意圖」作為要素 之一，以竊盜罪為例，即設有「意圖為自己或第三人不法所有」之主觀要素，若行為人在其主觀上欠 缺意圖時，其行為即不能被論以犯罪。而本計畫欲就財產犯罪中「不法意圖」之內涵進行研究，而以 「債權行使與不法意圖之關係」作為研究重心，亦即當行為人對相對人存在著債權關係時，其基於行 使債權之意思，而侵奪相對人之財產時，是否會對「不法意圖」之存否產生影響。而此一問題，在我 國學界及實務界向來存有爭議，尚未有明確之看法，而有探討之必要性。 此外，即使學說上有看法認為，若行為人係基於行使「完全債權」之意思，如為實現屆期且無抗 辯事由之債權，其所為的財產侵奪行為，是可認定不具有不法意圖。反之，若行為人係行使「不完全 債權」，如基於實現賭債之意思時，則應認定仍具有不法意圖。不過，當行為人在客觀上所實現的是 「不完全債權」，但其在主觀上卻誤認為自己所實現的是「完全債權」時，亦即發生客觀事實與行為 人之主觀認知不一致之情形時，能否認定行為人具有不法意圖，以及是否能藉由刑法上之「錯誤理論」 來解決此一問題，本計畫將一併予以探究。 

English Abstract

According to the criminal law of our country, criminal intent is one of the fundamental parts ofsubjective elements of crime in most property crimes. Take offenses of larceny for example, there is a subjective element that one intends to obtain something illegally for oneself or the third. In other words, if theperpetrator does not intent to do so subjectively, then his/her behavior cannot be regarded as a crime. This thesis aims to study the meaning of “criminal intent”with a special examination into the relation between it and the exercise of a claim. That is, would the criminal intent still exist when the perpetrator and the victim are related with loans and the former invades the property of the latter because he/she wants to exercise the claim? There has been controversy over this question in both academic and practical fields. Since there has not been a definite answer, it would be meaningful and necessary to discuss this question. In theory, some believe it can be regarded as lacking criminal intent when one trespasses on others’property while exercising the claim of a mature debt that is without a pleading. On the contrary, it should be considered to be with criminal intent when one is exercising an incomplete claim like gambling debt. However, there would be subjective cognitive inconsistency between the objective fact and the actor when one is exercising an incomplete claim but believes he/she is exercising a complete one. In cases like this, whether we can affirm if the actor has criminal intent and whether we can solve this problem with the theory of error in the criminal law would be discussed in this thesis. 

資料來源：https://goo.gl/w3UFJ1